Renewable integration focuses on blending renewable energy into power grids efficiently, enhancing reliability, sustainability, and clean energy adoption.

Fish passage refers to the ability to effectively and efficiently allow fish to move through a water system, including successfully navigating human-made structures like dams and culverts, which can impede their journey.

Biogeochemical transformations explore the chemical and biological processes shaping Earth's ecosystems, impacting water quality, soil health, and sustainability.

Climate science studies Earth's climate systems to understand and address challenges like global warming and extreme weather for a sustainable future.

Cyber resilience emphasizes strategies to defend against cyber threats, ensuring reliable operations, data security, and recovery in critical systems.

Critical infrastructure protection safeguards essential systems like power, water, and transportation against threats, ensuring resilience and national security.

Bioinformatics blends biology and data science to analyze information about living things, advancing research in healthcare, biotechnology, and environmental studies.

Biocatalysis uses natural catalysts like enzymes to accelerate chemical processes, offering energy-efficient alternatives for sustainable materials and fuels.

Fentanyl analogs are illicit—and often deadly—alterations of the medically prescribed drug fentanyl. The analogs have similar chemical structure, and they mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug.