Hybrid Energy Storage System Utilizing Redox Active Organic Compounds
Redox flow batteries (RFB) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to store large amounts of power and energy. Non-aqueous energy storage systems that utilize at least some aspects of RFB systems are attractive because they can offer an expansion of the operating potential window, which can improve on the system energy and power densities. One example of such systems has a separator separating first and second electrodes. The first electrode includes a first current collector and volume containing a first active material. The second electrode includes a second current collector and volume containing a second active material. During operation, the first source provides a flow of first active material to the first volume. The first active material includes a redox active organic compound dissolved in a non-aqueous, liquid electrolyte and the second active material includes a redox active metal.
Self Assembled Multi-Layer Nanocomposite of Graphene and Metal Oxicde Materials
Controlled graphene metal oxides organized on the nanoscale. The metal oxides can be SiO2, SnO2, and any other oxides and mixed oxides. The metal oxides can be replaced by a polymer or phosphate materials. The nanocomposites can be used for energy storage, sensing, catalyst support, and other applications. The graphene can be dispersed in the metal oxides. The grapehne and metal oxides can form alternative layered composites. The final materials can be mesoporous and conductive.
SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DESIGNING MODELS IN A FEEDBACK LOOP
A diagnostic model design system is provided that is driven by a combination of statistical aggregation methods, ensemble analysis techniques, and model specification strategies. The system takes as input a collection of disparate information (e.g. predictive machinery, numerical models, conceptual models, and/or expert opinions) where the information is attempting to estimate a common process or outcome. Optionally the system can also take real-world observation data. Through the system: the strengths and weaknesses of information and information sources can be identified; information sources can be ranked by reliability; and, a basis for designing and validating new, more reliable and accurate information sources (new models, machinery, etc) is provided.
Forward-looking transactive pricing schemes for use in a market-based resource allocation system
Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for distributing a resource (such as electricity) using a resource allocation system. One of the disclosed embodiments is a method for generating a bid value for purchasing electricity in a market-based resource allocation system. In this embodiment, a desired performance value indicative of a user's desired performance level for an electrical device is received. Price information from an electricity futures market is received. A bid value for purchasing electricity from a local resource allocation market sufficient to operate the electrical device at the desired performance level is computed. In this embodiment, the computing is performed based at least in part on the desired performance value and based at least in part on the price information from the electricity futures market.
Forward-looking transactive pricing schemes for use in a market-based resource allocation system
This is an extension of the Invention Disclosure for the Olympic Peninsula Demonstration Project. In this project, a rolling window of 24 hours was used to determine average price and standard deviations. The new method uses day ahead pricing to calculate similar values.
Hybrid Energy Storage Devices Having Sodium
The present invention discloses a novel ZEBRA-type sodium-sulfur (Na-S) battery. The cathode consists of active material of sulfur mixed with Ni current collector. NaAlCl4 is employed as the catholyte, which is similar to that in ZEBRA batteries. This new type of battery retains most of the advantages of the state-of-the-art Na-S and ZEBRA batteries while overcoming the related deficits. The most attractive features of this new battery are the lower operating temperature, higher energy density and better cycle life than both Na-S and ZEBRA batteries, which makes it suitable for renewable integration and grid applications, along with commercial or fleet transportation.
HIGH ENERGY DENSITY GEL ELECTRODES AND METHOD OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME (iEdison No. 0685901-22-0088)
The aqueous gel electrodes consisting of zinc chloride, potassium iodide or potassium bromide, carbon black and polymer, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), is designed for long-duration energy storage. Figure 1 shows the proposed gel electrode design. The gel electrolyte is used as symmetric electrodes for both anode and cathode, while Nafion cation exchange membrane or separator is used as the electrolyte membrane. On the anode, a zinc foil is added to provide sufficient zinc source as the zinc may be trapped in the carbon black during the repeated plating/stripping process. In the fresh prepared gel electrolyte, Zn2+ is bonded to polymer, while I- is homogeneously dispersed in the gel. During the charge process, Zn2+ is reduced to Zn metal plating on the carbon black powder, while the I- is oxidized to I2 and remains evenly dispersed in the gel system. The start electrolyte gel of 7.5 M KI and 3.75 M ZnCl2 as well as 0.2 g carbon black powder and 0.2 g PVA a[YL1] re used to demonstrated as proof of concepts, providing a theoretical energy density of 120 Wh /L. In our design, a high energy density over 100 Wh /L is achieved (Figure 2). After removing the pipe and pump system, we are able to simplify the maintenance process and promote the system reliability. Additionally, the gel system can lower the overall cost by replacing the expensive carbon felt with carbon black powder. Last but not least, the mobile carbon black powder can mitigate the zinc dendrite issue, which is frequently observed in carbon felt electrode where zinc dendrite can puncture the electrolyte membrane and cause short-circuit. Overall, our gel electrode is promising for long-duration energy storage owing to its low cost, high energy density and high reliability. Figure.2. Charge/discharge profile for ZnI2 gel battery (the volume electrolyte for positive and negative electrode is 2.3ml)
CO-OLIGOMERIZATION METHOD EMBODIMENTS FOR PRODUCING JET-RANGE OLEFINS SUITABLE FOR MAKING JET FUEL (iEdison No. 0685901-22-0062)
To meet the immediate need for decarbonization of the aviation industry, leveraging existing commercial processes and feedstocks will be the most efficient path toward producing SAF in the near-term future. Syngas is one of the most attractive feed sources as it can be derived from a broad range of renewable and waste feedstocks via gasification, while benefiting from existing infrastructure throughout the petrochemical industry. Of the existing industrial processes for transforming syngas to synthetic fuels, none produce aviation fuel efficiently; however, methanol synthesis followed by methanol-to-olefin (MTO) processing offers an already established and active commercialized pathway to produce mixed light olefins, primarily ethylene and propylene. This mixture can potentially be directly oligomerized to jet-range products in a single reaction step. If demonstrated with high yield and selectivity, elevating this single operation unit to industrial scale would complete an end-to-end commercial pathway for producing SAF from syngas derived from various ecologically disadvantaged feedstocks.
SCAFFOLDED CURRENT COLLECTOR FOR METAL ANODE, METHOD OF MAKING, AND BATTERY USING (iEdison No. 0685901-22-0149)
Adopting porous current collector is one of the most effective approaches to suppress the dendrite growth in alkaline metal batteries. In this invention, a flexible, lightweight, porous, and electronically conductive metal@polymer composite material was successfully developed as the current collector for rechargeable alkaline metal batteries. This material is comprised of an electrospun polyimide (PI) polymer matrix coated with electrically conductive copper (Cu) film. To achieve a durable, uniform, and firm Cu coating on the electrospun PI matrix, a unique synthesis route was designed. PI matrix was first etched with potassium hydroxide solution to introduce potassium ions (K+) into the polymer backbone of PI. The K+ was substituted by silver ions (Ag+) via ion exchange, which were subsequently reduced to silver (Ag) nanoparticles on the surface of PI to yield the Ag@PI composite. Thereafter, the Ag@PI composite was plated with a Cu electroless plating solution, where Ag nanoparticles serve as the seed for Cu to deposit. The final electrically conductive Cu@PI composite material with three dimensional (3D) porous structure was thus obtained. The Cu@PI composite material exhibits good flexibility, low density, high porosity as well as excellent electronic conductivity, making it a highly attractive material for being used as the current collector in alkaline metal based batteries.