Reactor, CO2 sorbent system, and process of making H2 with simultaneous CO2 sorption
A reactor and process for production of hydrogen gas from a carbon-containing fuel in a reaction that generates carbon dioxide is described. The carbon-containing fuel can be, for example, carbon monoxide, alcohols, oxygenates bio-oil, oil and hydrocarbons. In preferred embodiments, the reactor includes a monolithic structure form with an array of parallel flow channels. Methods of using the reactor are also described. In the reactor apparatus of the present invention, the catalytic reaction for hydrogen formation is conducted in conjunction with a carbonation reaction that removes carbon dioxide that is produced by the reactor. The carbonation reaction involves reaction of the carbon dioxide produced from the hydrogen formation reaction with metal oxide-based sorbents. The reactor apparatus can be periodically regenerated by regeneration of the sorbent. A carbon dioxide sorbent system comprising a solid sorbent and a eutectic, mixed alkali metal molten phase is also described.
Heavy Fossil Hydrocarbon Conversion and Upgrading Using Radio-Frequency or Microwave Energy
Conversion of heavy fossil hydrocarbons (HFH) to a variety of value-added chemicals and/or fuels can be enhanced using microwave (MW) and/or radio-frequency (RF) energy. Variations of reactants, process parameters, and reactor design can significantly influence the relative distribution of chemicals and fuels generated as the product. In one example, a system for flash microwave conversion of HFH includes a source concentrating microwave or RF energy in a reaction zone having a pressure greater than 0.9 atm, a continuous feed having HFH and a process gas passing through the reaction zone, a HFH-to-liquids catalyst contacting the HFH in at least the reaction zone, and dielectric discharges within the reaction zone. The HFH and the catalyst have a residence time in the reaction zone of less than 30 seconds. In some instances, a plasma can form in or near the reaction zone.
ELECTROLYTE FOR STABLE CYCLING OF RECHARGEABLE ALKALI METAL AND ALKALI ION BATTERIES (incorporates 31452-E) (iEdison No. 0685901-18-0024)
This invention is related to novel electrolytes that are stable with alkali metal anode, graphite anode, silicon anode and various cathode materials in an electrochemical cell. Fluorinated orthoformate electrolytes are electrolyte containing fluorinated orthoformate compounds. In an electrolyte, fluorinated orthoformates has no or very poor solubility with lithium salts, but it can works as diluent with the most known electrolyte solvents (such as carbonates, ethers, phosphates or solvent mixtures, which has a high solvability for lithium salts) to form a localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE) (which is also called localized superconcentrated electrolyte (LSE)) for lithium metal or lithium ion batteries. These fluorinated orthoformate containing electrolytes are stable with anode (such as lithium, sodium, other alkali metal, graphite, silicon and silicon/graphite anodes), cathode (including both ion intercalation and conversion compounds) and current collectors (such as Cu and Al). They are not only stable with anode by forming a high quality solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers, but also stable with high voltage cathodes, thereby improving long-term cycling stability of electrochemical cells. Furthermore, addition of fluorinated orthoformate solvent effectively decreases the electrolyte viscosity and improves the ionic conductivity and wetting ability of the electrolyte. This invention could be widely applied to a variety of electrochemical systems, including lithium (Li) metal batteries, Li ion batteries, Li-S batteries, Li-O2 batteries, sodium metal and sodium ion batteries, magnesium ion batteries, super capacitors, and sensors.
Glass Composition and Process for Sealing Void Spaces in Electrochemical Devices
By foaming the glass the by-pass channel on the anode side and be filled at the same time the cassette to cassette seals are formed. This reduces the number of steps needed and should also be more reliable.
Thin, Porous Metal Sheets and Methods for Making the Same
This invention provides a new membrane design and a method of its preparation for selective transport of one or one type of molecules over the other. The membrane comprises immobilizing a liquid-fluidic phase of selective absorption functions in a porous inorganic support matrix. The device can be used for gas separation or used as selective barrier layer for battery and fuel cell applications.
Grid Regulation Services for Energy Storage Devices Based on Grid Frequency
The invention represents an algorithm to provide a form of "regulation up and down services" to the electric power grid using an energy storage device. The storage device could be an electric vehicle or a stationary energy storage device like a photovoltaic system. The regulation will allow the storage device to vary its contribution to the power grid between a full discharge (generation) state and full charge (consumption) state. The basis for this regulation will come from frequency measurements of the alternating current (AC) power supply as delivered to the outlet in homes and buildings. The actual amount of load present on the system will be adjusted using this regulation signal and information about any constraints imposed upon the load device (such as a desired finish time or maximum capacity). The invention represents an algorithm to provide a form of regulation up and down services to the electric power grid using any load whose overall operation will not be hindered if the power supplied to the load varies in a charging and discharging sense (i.e., “load” devices such as the charger for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) or other storage device). The regulation will allow the storage device to vary its contribution to the power grid between a full discharge (generation) state and full charge (consumption) state. The basis for this regulation will come from frequency measurements of the alternating current (AC) power supply as delivered to the outlet in homes and buildings. The actual amount of load or generation the end device presents on the system will be adjusted using this regulation signal and information about any constraints imposed upon the load device (such as a desired finish time or maximum capacity).
Scheduling and modeling the operation of controllable and non-controllable electronic devices
Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for controlling and scheduling power distribution in a power network, such as household power network. One disclosed embodiment is a system comprising a central controller and a control device coupled to a household appliance. The central controller can comprise computing hardware coupled to a wireless transceiver. The central controller can be configured to generate and transmit control signals for controlling the operational state of the household appliance according to the schedule. Furthermore, the control device can be configured to receive the transmitted control signals from the central controller and to control the operational state of the household appliance in response to the control signals.
COST EFFECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF OXIDE MATERIALS FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES (iEdison No. 0685901-21-0108)
The invention discloses a cost-saving method to synthesize lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) especially Ni-rich single crystals. Lithium oxide (Li2O) salt is used as Li source in this method instead of LiOH-based salts (LiOH and LiOH·H2O) which has been used in existing NMC production. Compared to conventional LiOH-based salts route, the use of Li2O enables the same electrochemical performance of the final products while significantly reducing the number of processing steps and lowering the overall production cost and equipment attrition.
TANTALUM CATALYST COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME (iEdison No. 0685901-24-0032)
This invention concerns a catalyst containing Ta and Si for production of olefins from oxygen containing feedstock with 2 to 4 carbons.
PROCESS FOR PREPARING SCALABLE QUANTITIES OF HIGH PURITY MANGANESE BISMUTH MAGNETIC MATERIALS FOR FABRICATION OF PERMANENT MAGNETS ( (iEdison No. 0685901-12-0012))
A scalable process is detailed for forming bulk quantities of high-purity α-MnBi phase materials suitable for fabrication of MnBi based permanent magnets.