Controlled graphene metal oxides organized on the nanoscale. The metal oxides can be SiO2, SnO2, and any other oxides and mixed oxides. The metal oxides can be replaced by a polymer or phosphate materials. The nanocomposites can be used for energy storage, sensing, catalyst support, and other applications. The graphene can be dispersed in the metal oxides. The grapehne and metal oxides can form alternative layered composites. The final materials can be mesoporous and conductive.