PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF LEVULINIC ACID TO KETONES
A method for generating desired platform chemicals from feedstocks such as cellulosic biomass feedstocks containing levulinic acid by decarboxylating a feed stock comprising levulinic acid to generate ketones. This is done by passing a feed stock comprising levulinic acid in a gas phase over a non-precious metal catalyst on a neutral support.
LOCALIZED SUPERCONCENTRATED ELECTROLYTES FOR STABLE CYCLING OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES
Embodiments of localized superconcentrated electrolytes (LSEs) for stable operation of electrochemical devices, such as rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and sensors, are disclosed. Electrochemical devices, such as rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and sensors, including the LSEs are also disclosed. The LSEs include an active salt, a solvent in which the active salt is soluble, and a diluent in which the active salt is insoluble or poorly soluble. In certain embodiments, such as when the solvent and diluent are immiscible, the LSE further includes a bridge solvent.
GRID REGULATION SERVICES FOR ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES BASED ON GRID FREQUENCY
Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for charging and discharging an energy storage device connected to an electrical power distribution system. In one exemplary embodiment, a controller monitors electrical characteristics of an electrical power distribution system and provides an output to a bi-directional charger causing the charger to charge or discharge an energy storage device (e.g., a battery in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)). The controller can help stabilize the electrical power distribution system by increasing the charging rate when there is excess power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid exceeds an average value), or by discharging power from the energy storage device to stabilize the grid when there is a shortage of power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid is below an average value).
HIGH CAPACITY AND STABLE CATHODE MATERIALS
High energy density cathode materials, such as LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) cathode materials, with improved discharge capacity (hence energy density) and enhanced cycle life are described, A solid electrolyte, such as lithium phosphate infused inside of secondary particles of the cathode material demonstrates significantly enhanced structural integrity without significant or without any observable particle cracking occurring during charge/discharge processes, showing high capacity retention of more than 90% after 200 cycles at room temperature. In certain embodiments the disclosed cathode materials (and cathodes made therefrom) are formed using nickel-rich NMC and/or are used in a battery system with a non-aqueous dual-Li salt electrolytes.
Systems and processes for conversion of ethylene feedstocks to hydrocarbon fuels
Systems, processes, and catalysts are disclosed for obtaining fuel and fuel blends containing selected ratios of open-chain and closed-chain fuel-range hydrocarbons suitable for production of alternate fuels including gasolines, jet fuels, and diesel fuels. Fuel-range hydrocarbons may be derived from ethylene-containing feedstocks and ethanol-containing feedstocks.
ADDITIVES FOR FLUORENONE/FLUORENOL BASED AQUEOUS REDOX FLOW BATTERIES (iEdison No. 0685901-21-0130)
In this invention disclose report, hydroxyl compound additives are disclosed as significantly improve the kinetics of the FL (fluorenone)-based aqueous redox flow battery (ARFB) (Selected examples of hydroxyl compounds and examples of molecular engineered FLs tested as illustrated in Supporting Figure 1). Application of FL derivatives in flow battery has been reported in nonaqueous systems and aqueous systems. Higher energy density and power density are always the pursuits during RFB redox-active material development. For a certain redox pair applied in RFB, capacity utilization usually decreases while current density increases due to the kinetics limit. It is of keen interest to maintaining battery discharge capacity at elevated current density, thus achieving long-time operation and high-power output at the same time. Here we disclose hydroxyl compound can serve as additives for FL-based ARFBs to significantly improve their rate capability and power output. To our best knowledge, this is a first-time demonstration of the utilization of additives to boost rate capability in RFBs. The development of this approach will have a revolutionary impact. In our examination, selected examples of molecular engineered FLs benefited from 0.1 M beta CD additive, demonstrating significant discharge capacity enhancement at higher current densities when comparing with a blank test. A case study using 27S4CFL extended the additive ranges to other hydroxyl-containing redox-inert compounds. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) scans of these additives revealed no redox peak within the water window in alkaline conditions. Conductivity and viscosity both exhibited a negative effect on the battery performance while the overall current density was boosted by adding in these additives. An observation that is contrary to common understanding of those skilled in the field of energy storage and electrochemistry. The additive concentration effect was investigated using beta CD, the result showed a peak battery performance when 0.086 M beta CD was employed in the system. The long-term battery operation revealed a minimal effect on the battery cycling stability.
LITHIUM-METAL COMPATIBLE SOLID ELECTROLYTES FOR ALL-SOLID-STATE BATTERY (iEdison No. 0685901-21-0135)
The objective of this invention is to develop an advanced sulfide-based solid electrolyte for lithium metal batteries. The developed solid electrolyte is capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a superior lithium-ion conductivity ( > 4 mS/cm), ultra-low areal resistances ( < 5 ?cm 2 ) at room temperature and
Hydroxymethyl Furfural Oxidation Methods
This inventionreport is prepared prior to a meeting with ADM staff to occur on Wednesday, June 29, 2005 in order to capture ideas that may be discussed in that discussion. The primary subject of this inventionreport is results and ideas regarding the conversation of HMF to oxidized derivatives.
Hydroxymethyl Furfural Oxidation Methods
This inventionreport is prepared prior to a meeting with ADM staff to occur on Wednesday, June 29, 2005 in order to capture ideas that may be discussed in that discussion. The primary subject of this inventionreport is results and ideas regarding the conversation of HMF to oxidized derivatives.
ZINC-IODINE SECONDARY ENERGY STORAGE METHODS, DEVICES, AND ELECTRLYTES
Disclosed are cathodes having electron-conductive high-surface-area materials, aqueous non-halide-containing electrolytes, secondary zinc-iodine energy storage devices using the same, and methods for assembling the same. The disclosed high-surface-area materials and the aqueous non-halide-containing electrolyte solutions can contribute together to the confinement of the active iodine species in the cathode and to the minimization of shuttle effects and self-discharging. The non-halide-containing electrolyte salts can facilitate preferential adsorption of the iodine species to the cathode material rather than dissolution in the aqueous electrolyte solution, thereby contributing to the confinement of the active iodine species.