PNNL

Mr. Rob Mackley joined PNNL in 2004. Since March 2022, he has managed the Deep Vadose Zone program, which involves PNNL’s multidisciplinary and coordinated research to directly support the complex cleanup mission of the Hanford Site for the Department of Energy. Rob has provided technical leadership and management on a portfolio of projects involving advanced geophysical monitoring, contaminant attenuation and mobility characterization, remedial design and performance evaluation, and pump-and-treat remedy optimization.

His technical career has been focused on the research and application of groundwater and remediation monitoring, remedy development and implementation, and hydrogeologic characterization. He specializes in aquifer hydraulic testing, advanced groundwater and vadose zone monitoring instrumentation, and remedy performance monitoring and evaluation.

• Groundwater Remediation Design, Optimization, and Performance Evaluation
• Groundwater Monitoring and Contaminant Plume Evaluation
• Aquifer and Well Hydraulic Characterization
• Soil and Groundwater Sampling Design and Implementation
• Groundwater and River Interactions

• M.S., Geology, Utah State University
• B.S., Geology, Utah State University

2025

• Emerson H.P., N. Qafoku, C.D. Johnson, J.E. Szecsody, M.S. Doughman, R.D. Mackley, and D.I. Kaplan. 2025. "A paradigm shift for evaluating natural attenuation of radioactive iodine in soils and sediments: Species-specific mechanisms and pathways." Journal of Environmental Management 374. PNNL-SA-196595. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124101
• Hager J.R., A.J. Kugler, R.M. Anguish, K.L. Rue, S. Pochampally, and R.D. Mackley. 2025. A Review of Carbon-14 Removal by Ion Exchange Resins and Potential Remediation Application in the 100-K Area. PNNL-36648. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. A Review of Carbon-14 Removal by Ion Exchange Resins and Potential Remediation Application in the 100-K Area

2024

• Day-Lewis F.D., R.D. Mackley, and R.L. Bence. 2024. "Sampling in long-screened wells: Issues, misconceptions, and solutions." Groundwater 62, no. 5:669-680. PNNL-SA-190602. doi:10.1111/gwat.13427
• He X., M.L. Rockhold, Y. Fang, A.R. Lawter, V. Freedman, R.D. Mackley, and N. Qafoku. 2024. "Experimental and Numerical Study of Radioiodine Sorption and Transport in Hanford Sediments." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 8, no. 2:323-334. PNNL-SA-191180. doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00291
• Johnson T.C., J.N. Thomle, J.L. Robinson, and R.D. Mackley. 2024. Electrical Resistivity Tomography Monitoring of In Situ Soil Flushing at the Hanford 100-K East Area: 100KE Soil Flushing Monitoring. PNNL-35781. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Electrical Resistivity Tomography Monitoring of In Situ Soil Flushing at the Hanford 100-K East Area: 100KE Soil Flushing Monitoring
• Robinson J.L., T.C. Johnson, J.N. Thomle, J. Cambeiro, K.A. Peta, P. Jaysaval, and R.D. Mackley. 2024. "Interpretation of Large-Scale, Long-Term Electrical Geophysical Monitoring Guided by a Process Simulation." Vadose Zone Journal 23, no. 2:Art. No. e20303. PNNL-SA-190606. doi:10.1002/vzj2.20303
• Szecsody J.E., R.D. Mackley, and C.T. Resch. 2024. Characterization of Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, and Tritium in D0220 Cores. PNNL-36762. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Characterization of Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, and Tritium in D0220 Cores
• Zhong L., R.D. Mackley, L. Li, J.N. Thomle, F.D. Day-Lewis, and S.A. Saslow. 2024. "Applying colloidal silica suspensions injection and sequential gelation to block vertical water flow in well annulus: laboratory testing on rheology, gelation, and injection." Frontiers in Environmental Science 12, no. _:Art. No. 1381577. PNNL-SA-192132. doi:10.3389/fenvs.2024.1381577

2023

• Robinson J.L., J.T. St. Clair, J.N. Thomle, P. Jaysaval, J. Cambeiro, K.A. Peta, and F.D. Day-Lewis, et al. 2023. "Using multiple geophysical methods to refine a stratigraphic conceptual site model at a nuclear waste site." Environmental Processes 10. PNNL-SA-177749. doi:10.1007/s40710-023-00622-1
• Saslow S.A., T.G. Levitskaia, E. Cordova, N.M. Avalos, D. Boglaienko, Y. Fang, and X. Song, et al. 2023. "Part I: Predicting Performance of Purolite A532E Resins for Remediation of Comingled Contaminants in Groundwater." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 11, no. 3:Art. No. 109618. PNNL-SA-178092. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2023.109618
• Saslow S.A., T.G. Levitskaia, E. Cordova, N.M. Avalos, D. Boglaienko, Y. Fang, and X. Song, et al. 2023. "Part II: Predicting Performance of DOWEX 21K Resin for Remediation of Comingled Contaminants in Groundwater." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 11, no. 3:Art. No. 109620. PNNL-SA-178093. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2023.109620
• Song X., H. Ren, Z. Hou, X. Lin, M. Karanovic, M.J. Tonkin, and V.L. Freedman, et al. 2023. "Predicting Future Well Performance for Environmental Remediation Design using Deep Learning." Journal of Hydrology 617, no. Part C:Art. No. 129110. PNNL-SA-178074. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129110

2022

• Szecsody J.E., H.P. Emerson, R.D. Mackley, M. Snyder, C.T. Resch, and S.R. Baum. 2022. Characterization of Contaminants and Mobility in WMA A-AX Boreholes D0006 and D0008. PNNL-33346. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Characterization of Contaminants and Mobility in WMA A-AX Boreholes D0006 and D0008

2021

• Mackley R.D., J.M. Torgeson, J.L. Robinson, N. Qafoku, M.L. Rockhold, and J.N. Thomle. 2021. Evaluation of a Potential Groundwater Tracer Test in the Ringold Upper Mud Aquifer at the 100-H Area of the Hanford Site. PNNL-32103. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Evaluation of a Potential Groundwater Tracer Test in the Ringold Upper Mud Aquifer at the 100-H Area of the Hanford Site
• Szecsody J.E., N. Qafoku, A.R. Lawter, R.D. Mackley, H.P. Emerson, and C.T. Resch. 2021. Laboratory Evaluation to Increase Effectiveness of Field-Scale Soil Flushing in the Hanford 100 Areas. PNNL-31980. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Laboratory Evaluation to Increase Effectiveness of Field-Scale Soil Flushing in the Hanford 100 Areas

2020

• Mackley R.D., V.A. Garayburu-Caruso, V.L. Freedman, and K.M. Engbrecht. 2020. Hydrologic Evaluation of the Ringold Upper Mud Aquifer in the 100-H Area of the Hanford Site. PNNL-30467. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Hydrologic Evaluation of the Ringold Upper Mud Aquifer in the 100-H Area of the Hanford Site
• Robinson J.L., R.D. Mackley, M.L. Rockhold, T.C. Johnson, J.N. Thomle, C.D. Johnson, and P. Jaysaval. 2020. Geophysical Methods for Stratigraphic Identification. PNNL-29182 Rev 1.0. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Geophysical Methods for Stratigraphic Identification
• Rockhold M.L., X. Song, Z. Zhang, N. Qafoku, M.A. Jensen, J.L. Downs, and J.D. Tagestad, et al. 2020. Spatiotemporal Analyses of Groundwater and Shoreline Cr(VI) Concentrations in the 100 Areas at Hanford. PNNL-30483. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Spatiotemporal Analyses of Groundwater and Shoreline Cr(VI) Concentrations in the 100 Areas at Hanford
• Szecsody J.E., C.E. Bagwell, R.D. Mackley, and S.D. Hoyle. 2020. Evaluation of Ammonia Discharge into PUREX Crib 216-A-37-1 and Nitrogen Species Fate in the Subsurface. PNNL-29999. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Evaluation of Ammonia Discharge into PUREX Crib 216-A-37-1 and Nitrogen Species Fate in the Subsurface
• Szecsody J.E., H.P. Emerson, R.D. Mackley, C.T. Resch, B.N. Gartman, C.I. Pearce, and S.A. Saslow, et al. 2020. Evaluation of the Change in Uranium Mobility in Sediments from the Hanford 300-FF-5 Stage B Polyphosphate Field Injection. PNNL-29650. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Evaluation of the Change in Uranium Mobility in Sediments from the Hanford 300-FF-5 Stage B Polyphosphate Field Injection

2019

• Johnson T.C., J.N. Thomle, J.L. Robinson, R.D. Mackley, and M.J. Truex. 2019. Stage B Uranium Sequestration Amendment Delivery Monitoring Using Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography. PNNL-28619. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Stage B Uranium Sequestration Amendment Delivery Monitoring Using Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography
• Johnson T.C., M.J. Truex, J.N. Thomle, R.D. Mackley, S.D. Springer, S. Mehta, and D.J. Becker, et al. 2019. "Integration of Real-Time Geophysical Monitoring with In Situ Uranium Remedy Implementation." In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Waste Management Conference (WM2019): Encouraging Young Men & Women to Achieve Their Goals in Radwaste Management, March 3-7 2019, Phoenix, AZ, Paper No. 19094. Tempe, Arizona:WM Symposia. PNNL-SA-139290.
• Robinson J.L., R.D. Mackley, M.L. Rockhold, T.C. Johnson, and P. Jaysaval. 2019. Geophysical Methods for Stratigraphic Identification. PNNL-29182. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Geophysical Methods for Stratigraphic Identification

2018

• Strickland C.E., M.J. Truex, R.D. Mackley, and T.C. Johnson. 2018. Deep Vadose Zone Monitoring Strategy for the Hanford Central Plateau. PNNL-28031. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Deep Vadose Zone Monitoring Strategy for the Hanford Central Plateau
• Strickland C.E., R.D. Mackley, V.R. Vermeul, R.E. Clayton, J.N. Thomle, and B.Q. Roberts. 2018. Advanced Monitoring Systems for Deep Vadose Zone Applications Interim Status Report. PNNL-28038. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Advanced Monitoring Systems for Deep Vadose Zone Applications Interim Status Report

2017

• Zhou T., M. Huang, J. Bao, Z. Hou, E.V. Arntzen, R.D. Mackley, and A.R. Crump, et al. 2017. "A New Approach to Quantify Shallow Water Hydrologic Exchanges in a Large Regulated River Reach." Water 9, no. 9:703. PNNL-SA-123562. doi:10.3390/w9090703

2016

• Fritz B.G., R.D. Mackley, and E.V. Arntzen. 2016. "Conducting Slug Tests in Mini-Piezometers." Groundwater 54, no. 2:291-295. PNNL-SA-105423. doi:10.1111/gwat.12335
• Olsen K.B., R.R. Kirkham, V.T. Woods, D.A. Haas, J.C. Hayes, T.W. Bowyer, and D.P. Mendoza, et al. 2016. "Noble Gas Migration Experiment to Support the Detection of Underground Nuclear Explosions." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 307, no. 3:2603-2610. PNNL-SA-109064. doi:10.1007/s10967-015-4639-7

2015

• Mackley R.D., D.M. Anderson, J.N. Thomle, and C.E. Strickland. 2015. Technical and Economic Assessment of Solar Photovoltaic for Groundwater Extraction on the Hanford Site. PNNL-24741. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Technical and Economic Assessment of Solar Photovoltaic for Groundwater Extraction on the Hanford Site
• Truex M.J., V.R. Vermeul, D. Adamson, M. Oostrom, L. Zhong, R.D. Mackley, and B.G. Fritz, et al. 2015. "Field Test of Enhanced Remedial Amendment Delivery Using a Shear-Thinning Fluid." Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation 35, no. 3:34-45. PNNL-SA-101736. doi:10.1111/gwmr.12101

2014

• Vermeul V.R., C.E. Strickland, P.D. Thorne, B.N. Bjornstad, R.D. Mackley, M.E. Kelley, and E.C. Sullivan, et al. 2014. "FutureGen 2.0 Monitoring Program: An Overview of the Monitoring Approach and Technologies Selected for Implementation." Energy Procedia 63. PNWD-SA-10395. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.438

2013

• Carroll K.C., M.J. Truex, M.L. Brusseau, K.R. Parker, R.D. Mackley, and V.J. Rohay. 2013. "Characterization of Persistent Volatile Contaminant Sources in the Vadose Zone." Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation 33, no. 2:68-84. PNNL-SA-89088. doi:10.1111/gwmr.12006
• Freedman V.L., R.D. Mackley, S.R. Waichler, and J.A. Horner. 2013. "Evaluation of Analytical and Numerical Techniques for Defining the Radius of Influence for an Open-Loop Ground Source Heat Pump System." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 18, no. 9:1170-1179. PNNL-SA-84739. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000720

2012

• Freedman V.L., S.R. Waichler, R.D. Mackley, and J.A. Horner. 2012. "Assessing the Thermal Environmental Impacts of an Groundwater Heat Pump in Southeastern Washington State." Geothermics 42. PNNL-SA-76515. doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2011.10.004
• Truex M.J., K.C. Carroll, V.J. Rohay, R.D. Mackley, and K.R. Parker. 2012. Treatability Test Report: Characterization of Vadose Zone Carbon Tetrachloride Source Strength Using Tomographic Methods at the 216-Z-9 Site. PNNL-21326. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Treatability Test Report: Characterization of Vadose Zone Carbon Tetrachloride Source Strength Using Tomographic Methods at the 216-Z-9 Site
• Truex M.J., V.R. Vermeul, B.G. Fritz, R.D. Mackley, J.A. Horner, C.D. Johnson, and D.R. Newcomer. 2012. Investigation of Hexavalent Chromium Flux to Groundwater at the 100-C-7:1 Excavation Site. PNNL-21845; RPT-DVZ-AFRI-005. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Investigation of Hexavalent Chromium Flux to Groundwater at the 100-C-7:1 Excavation Site

2011

• Fritz B.G., and R.D. Mackley. 2011. "Author's Reply: Discussion on 'A wet/wet differential pressure sensor for measuring vertical hydraulic gradient'." Groundwater 49, no. 6:782. PNNL-SA-74887. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00801.x
• Spane F.A., and R.D. Mackley. 2011. "Removal of River-Stage Fluctuations from Well Response Using Multiple-Regression." Groundwater 49, no. 6:794-807. PNNL-SA-74458. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00780.x
• Truex M.J., T. Macbeth, V.R. Vermeul, B.G. Fritz, D.P. Mendoza, R.D. Mackley, and T.W. Wietsma, et al. 2011. "Demonstration of Combined Zero-Valent Iron and Electrical Resistance Heating for In Situ Trichloroethene Remediation." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 12:5346-5351. PNNL-SA-76701. doi:10.1021/es104266a
• Truex M.J., V.R. Vermeul, D.P. Mendoza, B.G. Fritz, R.D. Mackley, M. Oostrom, and T.W. Wietsma, et al. 2011. "Injection of Zero Valent Iron into an Unconfined Aquifer Using Shear-Thinning Fluids." Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation 31, no. 1:50-58. PNNL-SA-70324.

2010

• Freedman V.L., R.D. Mackley, S.R. Waichler, J.A. Horner, T.W. Moon, D.R. Newcomer, and D.J. DeSmet, et al. 2010. Hydrogeologic Evaluation of a Ground-Source Cooling System at the BSF/CSF on the Battelle Campus: Final Report. PNNL-18463 Final. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Hydrogeologic Evaluation of a Ground-Source Cooling System at the BSF/CSF on the Battelle Campus: Final Report
• Mackley R.D., F.A. Spane, T.C. Pulsipher, and C.H. Allwardt. 2010. Guide to using Multiple Regression in Excel (MRCX v.1.1) for Removal of River Stage Effects from Well Water Levels. PNNL-19775 Rev. 1. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Guide to using Multiple Regression in Excel (MRCX v.1.1) for Removal of River Stage Effects from Well Water Levels
• Mackley R.D., G.V. Last, J.A. Serkowski, L.A. Middleton, and K.J. Cantrell. 2010. MinChem: A Prototype Petrologic Database for Hanford Site Sediments. PNNL-19803. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. MinChem: A Prototype Petrologic Database for Hanford Site Sediments
• Vermeul V.R., J.P. McKinley, D.R. Newcomer, R.D. Mackley, and J.M. Zachara. 2010. "River-Induced Flow Dynamics in Long-Screen Wells and Impact on Aqueous Samples." Groundwater 49, no. 4:515-524. PNNL-SA-71263. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00769.x

2009

• Last G.V., P.D. Thorne, J.A. Horner, K.R. Parker, B.N. Bjornstad, R.D. Mackley, and D.C. Lanigan, et al. 2009. Hydrogeology of the Hanford Site Central Plateau - A Status Report for the 200 West Area. PNNL-17913 Rev. 1. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Hydrogeology of the Hanford Site Central Plateau - A Status Report for the 200 West Area
• Truex M.J., V.R. Vermeul, B.G. Fritz, R.D. Mackley, D.P. Mendoza, R.P. Elmore, and A.V. Mitroshkov, et al. 2009. Hanford 100-D Area Biostimulation Treatability Test Results. PNNL-18784. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Hanford 100-D Area Biostimulation Treatability Test Results
• Vermeul V.R., B.N. Bjornstad, B.G. Fritz, J.S. Fruchter, R.D. Mackley, D.R. Newcomer, and D.P. Mendoza, et al. 2009. 300 Area Uranium Stabilization Through Polyphosphate Injection: Final Report. PNNL-18529. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. 300 Area Uranium Stabilization Through Polyphosphate Injection: Final Report

2008

• Fritz B.G., and R.D. Mackley. 2008. "A wet/wet differential pressure sensor for measuring vertical hydraulic gradient." Ground Water 48, no. 1:117-121. PNNL-SA-63832.
• Fritz B.G., R.D. Mackley, E.V. Arntzen, D.P. Mendoza, and G.W. Patton. 2008. Methods for Assessing the Relative Amounts of Groundwater Discharge into the Columbia River and Measurement of Columbia River Gradients at the Hanford Site's 300 Area. PNNL-17836. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Methods for Assessing the Relative Amounts of Groundwater Discharge into the Columbia River and Measurement of Columbia River Gradients at the Hanford Site's 300 Area
• Mackley R.D., G.V. Last, and C.H. Allwardt. 2008. Hanford Borehole Geologic Information System (HBGIS) Updated User's Guide for Web-based Data Access and Export. PNNL-15362 Rev. 1. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Hanford Borehole Geologic Information System (HBGIS) Updated User's Guide for Web-based Data Access and Export
• Mackley R.D., J.A. Serkowski, and G.V. Last. 2008. Status Report on the Creation of a Preliminary Data Model and Dictionary for a New Petrologic Database. PNNL-17663. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Status Report on the Creation of a Preliminary Data Model and Dictionary for a New Petrologic Database
• Truex M.J., V.R. Vermeul, R.D. Mackley, B.G. Fritz, D.P. Mendoza, C.D. Johnson, and R.P. Elmore, et al. 2008. Hanford 100-D Area Biostimulation Soluble Substrate Field Test: Interim Data Summary for the Substrate Injection and Process Monitoring Phases of the Field Test. PNNL-17619. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Hanford 100-D Area Biostimulation Soluble Substrate Field Test: Interim Data Summary for the Substrate Injection and Process Monitoring Phases of the Field Test
• Vermeul V.R., J.S. Fruchter, B.G. Fritz, R.D. Mackley, D.M. Wellman, and M.D. Williams. 2008. "In-Situ Uranium Stabilization Through Polyphosphate Injection: Pilot-Scale Treatability Test at the 300 Area, Hanford Site - 8187." In Waste Management 2008: HLW, TRU, LLW/ILW, Mixed, Hazardous Wastes & Environmental Management, 1-13. Tucson, Arizona:Arizona Board of Regent. PNNL-SA-58147.
• Williams M.D., B.G. Fritz, D.P. Mendoza, M.L. Rockhold, P.D. Thorne, Y. Xie, and B.N. Bjornstad, et al. 2008. Interim Report: 100-NR-2 Apatite Treatability Test: Low Concentration Calcium Citrate-Phosphate Solution Injection for In Situ Strontium-90 Immobilization. PNNL-17429. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Interim Report: 100-NR-2 Apatite Treatability Test: Low Concentration Calcium Citrate-Phosphate Solution Injection for In Situ Strontium-90 Immobilization

2007

• Fritz B.G., N.P. Kohn, T.J. Gilmore, D. McFarland, E.V. Arntzen, R.D. Mackley, and G.W. Patton, et al. 2007. Investigation of the Hyporheic Zone at the 300 Area,Hanford Site. PNNL-16805. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Investigation of the Hyporheic Zone at the 300 Area,Hanford Site
• Last G.V., C.J. Murray, D.A. Bush, E.C. Sullivan, M.L. Rockhold, R.D. Mackley, and B.N. Bjornstad. 2007. "Standardization of Borehole Data to Support Vadose Zone Flow and Transport Modeling." Vadose Zone Journal 6, no. 4:906-912. PNNL-SA-53079. doi:10.2136/vzj2006.0175
• Mendoza D.P., G.W. Patton, M.J. Hartman, F.A. Spane, M.D. Sweeney, B.G. Fritz, and T.J. Gilmore, et al. 2007. Investigation of the Strontium-90 Contaminant Plume along the Shoreline of the Columbia River at the 100-N Area of the Hanford Site. PNNL-16894. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Investigation of the Strontium-90 Contaminant Plume along the Shoreline of the Columbia River at the 100-N Area of the Hanford Site
• Vermeul V.R., M.D. Williams, B.G. Fritz, R.D. Mackley, D.P. Mendoza, D.R. Newcomer, and M.L. Rockhold, et al. 2007. Treatability Test Plan for 300 Area Uranium Stabilization through Polyphosphate Injection. PNNL-16571. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Treatability Test Plan for 300 Area Uranium Stabilization through Polyphosphate Injection

2006

• Last G.V., R.D. Mackley, and D.C. Lanigan. 2006. Borehole Geologic Data for the 216-Z Crib Facilities, A Status of Data Assembled through the Hanford Borehole Geologic Information System (HBGIS). PNNL-16103 Rev. 0. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Borehole Geologic Data for the 216-Z Crib Facilities, A Status of Data Assembled through the Hanford Borehole Geologic Information System (HBGIS)

2005

• Horton D.G., G.V. Last, T.J. Gilmore, B.N. Bjornstad, and R.D. Mackley. 2005. A Catalog of Geologic Data for the Hanford Site. PNNL-13653 Rev. 2. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. A Catalog of Geologic Data for the Hanford Site
• Last G.V., R.D. Mackley, and R.R. Saripalli. 2005. Hanford Borehole Geologic Information System (HBGIS). PNNL-15362. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Hanford Borehole Geologic Information System (HBGIS)

2003

• Xie Y., C.J. Murray, G.V. Last, and R.D. Mackley. 2003. Mineralogical and Bulk-Rock Geochemical Signatures of Ringold and Hanford Formation Sediments. PNNL-14202. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Mineralogical and Bulk-Rock Geochemical Signatures of Ringold and Hanford Formation Sediments