Streamflow variability plays a crucial role in shaping the dynamics and sustainability of Earth's ecosystems, which can be simulated and projected by ESMs. However, the simulation of streamflow is subject to considerable uncertainties.
A new study uses direct numerical simulations to develop a near-surface turbulence model for thermal convection using interpretable and physics-aware neural networks, broadening the applications of numerical simulations.
The Earth System Model Aerosol–Cloud Diagnostics package version 2 uses aircraft, ship, ground, and satellite measurements to evaluate detailed physical processes in aerosols, clouds, and aerosol–cloud interactions.
Decreased snow cover observed over the past few decades and projected for the future suggest increasing snow droughts that threaten water security and management.
The Emissions Model Intercomparison Project examined how selected emissions-related properties affected results in 11 global chemistry and Earth-system models.
Using regional meteorological data from an atmosphere reanalysis product, scientists identified 12 unique winter weather systems in the Puget Sound area, featuring differing precipitation and temperature responses to climate variabilities.
Identifying how curvature affects the doping and hydrogen binding energies of carbon-based materials provides a framework for designing hydrogen storage materials.
New research shows how cloud shapes affect the process of cloud evolution, resulting in better understanding of how clouds behave, improving weather forecasts, and enhancing comprehension of climate systems.
The roles of the various environmental variables in the transition from suppressed to active tropical precipitation regimes are characterized using statistical analysis and machine learning.
This study revealed that fresh organic vapors are soluble in particulate organics that are actively growing in size. However, if the particulate matter ages, fresh organic vapors can no longer mix with the organic matter.
Metabolism metrics provide information about biological activity and carbon cycling in rivers. Conditions in large rivers differ from smaller rivers and require adjustments to existing methods.