Exascale computing enables processing at unprecedented speed and scale, advancing scientific research, AI, and complex problem-solving abilities.

Biogeochemical transformations explore the chemical and biological processes shaping Earth's ecosystems, impacting water quality, soil health, and sustainability.

Quantum information science studies quantum mechanics to advance computing, secure communication, and solve challenges beyond classical systems.

Climate science studies Earth's climate systems to understand and address challenges like global warming and extreme weather for a sustainable future.

Cyber resilience emphasizes strategies to defend against cyber threats, ensuring reliable operations, data security, and recovery in critical systems.

Critical infrastructure protection safeguards essential systems like power, water, and transportation against threats, ensuring resilience and national security.

Bioinformatics blends biology and data science to analyze information about living things, advancing research in healthcare, biotechnology, and environmental studies.

Computing testbeds offer experimental platforms for testing advanced technologies, driving innovation in computing performance and scalability.

Physics-informed machine learning integrates scientific laws with AI, improving predictions, modeling, and solutions for complex scientific challenges.

Deep reinforcement learning employs AI to solve complex problems by learning optimal strategies, revolutionizing autonomous systems and decision-making.

Graph analytics analyzes relationships within complex datasets to uncover patterns, enhance decision-making, and improve network system efficiency.

Fentanyl analogs are illicit—and often deadly—alterations of the medically prescribed drug fentanyl. The analogs have similar chemical structure, and they mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug.

Environmental justice ensures underserved communities are included in environmental decisions, addressing disproportionate impacts and promoting equity in health.