At the request of the Air Force, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) surveyed available information on state-of-the-art waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies. It found that the Air Force is not alone in its interest in advanced WTE technologies. Waste management authorities around the globe face challenges to landfilling municipal solid waste (MSW). Some of these organizations have conducted very thorough analyses of commercial and emerging technical options. Review of their research led PNNL to conclude that advanced WTE technologies are not sufficiently mature in the U.S. to provide a feasible, commercial WTE option for the Air Force. Equally important, this research suggests that a growing movement toward waste minimization may make future MSW supplies uncertain and transportation costs infeasible.