Streamflow variability plays a crucial role in shaping the dynamics and sustainability of Earth's ecosystems, which can be simulated and projected by ESMs. However, the simulation of streamflow is subject to considerable uncertainties.

A new study uses direct numerical simulations to develop a near-surface turbulence model for thermal convection using interpretable and physics-aware neural networks, broadening the applications of numerical simulations.

Models have identified a new source of anthropogenic emissions driving the observed weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.

The Earth System Model Aerosol–Cloud Diagnostics package version 2 uses aircraft, ship, ground, and satellite measurements to evaluate detailed physical processes in aerosols, clouds, and aerosol–cloud interactions.

Decreased snow cover observed over the past few decades and projected for the future suggest increasing snow droughts that threaten water security and management.

The Emissions Model Intercomparison Project examined how selected emissions-related properties affected results in 11 global chemistry and Earth-system models.

Using regional meteorological data from an atmosphere reanalysis product, scientists identified 12 unique winter weather systems in the Puget Sound area, featuring differing precipitation and temperature responses to climate variabilities.

Clustering wildfires into four types based on their land-atmosphere drivers can potentially improve regional wildfire predictions.

Pacific Northwest may face increase in summer heat-dome-like stationary waves.

Atmospheric rivers, filaments of intense moisture transport in the atmosphere, can now be automatically detected in satellite observations.

PNNL study explored multiple factors that could impact future snowpack—a critical source of water for communities, irrigation and energy generation.

New research shows how cloud shapes affect the process of cloud evolution, resulting in better understanding of how clouds behave, improving weather forecasts, and enhancing comprehension of climate systems.

From energy storage to cybersecurity, this 2023 wrap-up offers a glimpse of PNNL innovations with a seasonal twist.

Researchers use models to represent relationships between climate and socio-economic processes, helping inform decisions for slowing climate change and enhancing resilience.

Investigating the impact of global warming on mesoscale convective systems initiation and growth with a theoretical model.

Understanding the contrasting response in relative humidity at ocean and land surfaces under global warming.

The cross-equatorial surge enhances the southward development of the Madden–Julian oscillation because of increased moisture convergence.

The roles of the various environmental variables in the transition from suppressed to active tropical precipitation regimes are characterized using statistical analysis and machine learning.

This study revealed that fresh organic vapors are soluble in particulate organics that are actively growing in size. However, if the particulate matter ages, fresh organic vapors can no longer mix with the organic matter.