How a model treats gas transfer behavior onto dust and sea salt particles significantly influences nitrate aerosols and their effects on climate.

A comparison between model simulations and high-resolution satellite observations shows discrepancies in projections of convective storms.

With future warming, storms in the Western U.S. will be larger and produce more intense precipitation, particularly near the storm center, and increase flood risks.

A PNNL innovation uses steam to recover heat from the high-temperature reactor effluent in the HTL process, substantially reducing the propensity for fouling and potentially reducing costs.

Machine learning models help identify important environmental properties that influence how often extreme rain events occur with critical intensity and duration.

PNNL researchers discovered a faster, more economical method to verify the amount of biofuel in mixtures of bio and fossil fuel.

A scenario approach was used to explore the potential future role of hydropower around the globe considering the multisectoral dynamics of regional energy systems and basin-specific water resources.

Improving a snow albedo model to account for non-spherical snow grain shapes and the mixing of dust inside snowflakes in an Earth system model.

Building new climate outcome scenarios by stitching together pieces of existing ones.

The flux of carbon dioxide from forest soil may acclimate to some aspects of climate change.

Identifying links between large-scale and local-scale model biases in tropical precipitation.

Interactive freshwater flux works to prolong density anomalies over deep water formation areas in the North Atlantic.

Interactions between fronts and the land-sea breeze lead to strong vertical exchange in the northern Gulf of Mexico.

When wildfires burn in the west, the heat and airborne particles they release inflict stronger rain and larger hail upon central states.

Evaluating the relative roles of soil water stress and vapor pressure deficit at limiting canopy conductance in coupled land-atmosphere simulations.

Understanding why the westerly jets shift poleward in certain seasons and regions but equatorward in others under global warming.

Two case studies of clouds evolving over the Arctic provide data that will help researchers evaluate cloud simulations.

Evaluating the accuracy of predicted plant aboveground biomass with different numerical solution options in a model of water transport in plants.

How hailstorms respond to human-created warming in the Great Plains depends on large-scale weather-producing systems.

The presence of mMarine microorganisms may enhance cloud droplet formation, leading to brighter clouds that reflect more sunlight.