E4D SIP

Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP)

Characterization • Laboratory Tank-Scale Imaging

The SIP response has been linked to pore and grain size distribution, specific surface area, minerology, hydrogeologic properties and biogeochemical processes. E4D provides a computationally efficient way to model and invert SIP data in the real number domain while allowing the same physically-based incorporation of known data as in ERT.

 
1. Characterization
Three stacks of rainbow-colored images show a scientific view underground.
SIP imaging along a former waste disposal trench in the Hanford Site 300 Area. ERT (real conductivity) images show the waste in the trench extending into and below the water table. SIP (imaginary conductivity and phase) reveals additional information, showing horizontal structures above the water table.

 
2. Laboratory Tank-Scale Imaging
A black circuit board with red wires generates rainbow-colored images.
SIP monitoring of abiotic iron reduction: reduced zones in a high ionic solution (left); reduced zones in a low ionic solution (middle); continued flushing with a low ionic solution (right).

Research topics

Subsurface Science
Subsurface Energy Systems
Earth & Coastal Sciences
Environmental Management
Environmental Remediation