METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SPATIAL COMPRESSION AND INCREASED MOBILITY RESOLUTION OF IONS
Methods and apparatuses for ion peak compression and increasing resolution of ions are disclosed. Packets of ions are introduced into a device. A first electric field is applied for dispersing the ion packets temporally or spatially according to their mobilities. A second intermittent traveling wave is applied for regrouping or merging the dispersed ion packets into a lesser number of trapping regions with narrower peaks. The ions packets are compressed into the narrower peak regions by varying a duty cycle of the intermittent traveling wave.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SAMPLE INSERTION AND REMOVAL TOOL (iEdison No. 0685901-24-0104)
When a sample needs to be put into a machine for experimentation or study, the sample is affixed to an arrowhead shaped sample holder called a "Puck". The puck has a "Stem" at the back of it that attaches to/docks with a device called a "Puckulator". The puckulator is used to safely and reliably transfer these pucks in and out of machines. Its main purpose is to ensure that it will not let go of a puck until it has been properly secured into a stage. A puckulator is usually affixed to the end of a long rod and manipulated at a distance by twisting the rod to lock/unlock the puck into it's stage.(Visual demonstration can be seen in the "Puckulator Purpose Drawing" document)There has been previous designs of puckulators, however the Revision E is, in my opinion, the superior design.
SURFACE DETERMINATION SYSTEMS, THREAT DETECTION SYSTEMS AND MEDICAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS (NIH iEdison No. 0685901-20-0022, Grant No. CA227586)
This invention consists of new methods for accurately estimating the surface of the human body or objects that are scanned by active wideband microwave or millimeter-wave imaging systems. The invention improves upon the state of the art by carefully focusing the images to preserve phase information inherent in the propagation of the electromagnetic waves used to form the images, and then exploiting the fact that the phase of the reconstructed image follows the surface. This means that surfaces of constant phase in the reconstruction follow the contours of the body or target. Furthermore, if the image reconstruction is performed in an exacting manner, the surface of the body tracks the zero-phase contour precisely. The surface can therefore be estimated by forming a high-resolution image using backprojection or similar methods and then finding the surface by numerically finding the zero-phase position over a lattice of positions. High-resolution active wideband microwave and millimeter-wave imaging systems are typically formed by mechanically, or electronically scanning a transceiver over a 2D aperture. At each point in the aperture the transceiver emits a wideband signal that interacts with the target and is captured coherently by the receiver. The subsequent data are then three-dimensional consisting of two spatial axes and one frequency axis. These data can then be focused using backprojection or other similar methods. Resolution in microwave imaging is limited by diffraction in the lateral dimensions and by bandwidth in the range or depth dimension. Tracking the surface is typically done after image formation by taking the magnitude image and forming iso-surfaces, or surfaces of constant amplitude. This process causes errors in the surface estimation since it inherently assumes that brightness is related to position. A brighter zone in the image will appear closer than a dimmer zone, even if they are at the same depth. The new methods in this invention achieve high accuracy by eliminating the bias caused by the image amplitude variations and by exploiting the image phase. The image phase varies approximately 360 degrees for every half-wavelength in depth variation. The zero-phase position can be estimated to accuracies of better than a few degrees. Therefore, the surface can be estimated to small fraction of one-half wavelength. Normal methods are limited by the depth resolution, which is typically much larger than one-half wavelength.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING IONS (NIH iEdison No. 0685901-13-0008)
The invention in general relates to methods of compressing an ion packet inside an IMS based device for achieving high IMS resolving power, while maintaining the peak resolution. When a relatively broad ion packet in gas phase, is subjected to a nonlinear potential profile with a decreasing electric drift field; the ions in the high field region move faster than the low field region resulting in peak bunching. While ions drift over a long drift section with a constant electric field of a mobility device, they separate out based on their mobilities. However, individual peaks also broaden due to diffusion. In the present method, by using non-constant electric fields (DC) the peak broadening can be overcome. Due to nonlinear potential profile, the ions in different regions move with different velocities. Therefore when applied suitably, these fields can be used to bunch together ions in a broad peak to a narrow packet. When the different mobilities are sufficiently separated, the bunching is applied locally; this processes will not negatively affect the time separation (resolution) characteristics. When applied to close mobilities or peaks not well separated, some loss in time resolution may occur. This method can be used in any general mobility device, but is particularly attractive in SLIM devices where ion transport is practically lossless, facilitates long drift lengths, provides sufficiently resolved peaks to be effectively bunched.
UNIVERSAL LIQUID SAMPLE DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR HIGH RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IMAGING AND MULTIMODAL ANALYSES OF LIQUID SAMPLE MATERIALS
Liquid sample imaging devices and processes are disclosed for high resolution TEM imaging and multimodal analyses of liquid sample materials in situ under high vacuum that are compatible with standard type TEM chip membranes and TEM sample holders allowing TEM liquid sample imaging to be performed wherever a TEM instrument is accessible and at a substantially reduced cost compared to prior art systems and approaches.
Enhanced Surfaces Sampler and Process for Collection and Release of Analytes
An enhanced swipe sampler and method of making are described. The swipe sampler is made of a fabric containing selected glass, metal oxide, and/or oxide-coated glass or metal fibers. Fibers are modified with silane ligands that are directly attached to the surface of the fibers to functionalize the sampling surface of the fabric. The swipe sampler collects various target analytes including explosives and other threat agents on the surface of the sampler.
Information Processing Systems, Reasoning Modules, And Reasoning System Design Methods
Information processing systems, reasoning modules, and reasoning system design methods are described. According to one aspect, an information processing system includes working memory comprising a semantic graph which comprises a plurality of abstractions, wherein the abstractions individually include an individual which is defined according to an ontology and a reasoning system comprising a plurality of reasoning modules which are configured to process different abstractions of the semantic graph, wherein a first of the reasoning modules is configured to process a plurality of abstractions which include individuals of a first classification type of the ontology and a second of the reasoning modules is configured to process a plurality of abstractions which include individuals of a second classification type of the ontology, wherein the first and second classification types are different.
High-Pressure, High-Temperature Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Devices and Processes for Making and Using Same
Re-usable ceramic magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR rotors constructed of high-mechanic strength ceramics are detailed that include a sample compartment that maintains high pressures up to at least about 200 atmospheres (atm) and high temperatures up to about least about 300° C. during operation. The rotor designs minimize pressure losses stemming from penetration over an extended period of time. The present invention makes possible a variety of in-situ high pressure, high temperature MAS NMR experiments not previously achieved in the prior art.
Search Systems and Computer-Implemented Search Methods
Search systems and computer-implemented search methods are described. In one aspect, a search system includes a communications interface configured to access a plurality of data items of a collection, wherein the data items include a plurality of image objects individually comprising image data utilized to generate an image of the respective data item. The search system may include processing circuitry coupled with the communications interface and configured to process the image data of the data items of the collection to identify a plurality of image content facets which are indicative of image content contained within the images and to associate the image objects with the image content facets and a display coupled with the processing circuitry and configured to depict the image objects associated with the image content facets.