PNNL

Marvin G. Warner is a senior materials scientist and the group leader for the Engineered Materials group within the Physical Detection Systems and Deployment (PDSD) Division at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). His research focuses on the synthesis, assembly, and characterization of multifunctional materials to uncover new optical, electrical, mechanical, and quantum properties. In recent years, he has concentrated on addressing chemistry and condensed-matter challenges in materials systems for quantum information science (QIS)—including the synthesis and purification of chemically and isotopically pure feedstocks essential for quantum device performance.

An experimentalist by training, Dr. Warner integrates theory, computation, and experiment to connect materials design and synthesis with functional behavior. He is the PNNL project manager and a principal investigator for the Co-Design Center for Quantum Advantage (C2QA)—a DOE Office of Science QIS Center led by Brookhaven National Laboratory. In this role, he helped build PNNL’s superconducting-qubit and cryogenic capabilities and established collaborations with national laboratories (Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos) and universities (Princeton, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and University of Washington). He has also worked closely with a private-sector partner at the forefront of quantum information science, supporting efforts to develop and characterize advanced materials for next-generation quantum systems.

Dr. Warner also serves as the Executive Secretary for the Adaptive Tunability for Synthesis and Control via Autonomous Learning on Edge (ATSCALE) advisory committee and is a member of the Washington State University Mechanical and Materials Engineering External Advisory Board.

He has previously conducted research and teaching at the University of Oregon and the University of Kentucky.

• Quantum materials and quantum information science
• Advanced synthesis and materials purification
• Computational and data-driven materials science
• Nanomaterials and bio/nanomaterials
• Sensing, biodetection, and microscopy
• Advanced manufacturing and device integration

• PhD in chemistry (materials science focus), University of Oregon
• MS in chemistry, University of Oregon
• BS in chemistry, University of Kentucky

• American Chemical Society, 1998–present
• American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2004–present
• Materials Research Society, 2004–present
• American Physical Society, 2014–present

• NSD “Of the Year” winner for Project Team, 2017, and nominee for Project Manager, 2016
• PNNL Laboratory Director’s Award for Early Career Exceptional Achievement, 2010
• PNNL Scientific and Technical Achievement Recognition Awards, 2010, 2015
• National Academy of Engineering U.S. Frontiers of Engineering Symposium invitee, 2009
• Mentorship Awards: Mickey Leland Minority Fellowship Mentor, 2006, and Chet L. Cooper Mentor of the Year, PNNL, 2005
• PNNL Outstanding Performance Awards, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2016, 2017

Advisory and Leadership Appointments

• External Advisory Board Member, WSU Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, 2024–present
• Executive Secretary, ATSCALE LDRD Advisory Committee, 2022–present

• Sage, J.M.; Zambrano, D.; Mizrahi, J.A.; Goldman, M.L.; Warner, M.G.; Stene, R.E.; Barrett, C.A. Technique for Fabrication of a Laser Ablation Target Using an Epoxy Matrix for Sources of Atoms and Molecules. WO 2023/239425 A2 (2023)
• Nell, K.; Johnson, D.W.; Pittman, J.; Chouyyok, W.; Addleman, R.S.; Warner, M.G. Polyfunctional Sorbent Material. U.S. Patent 10,315,185 (2019)
• Yantasee, W.; Warner, M.G.; Warner, C.L.; Toloczko, M.B.; Addleman, R.S.; Timchalk, C.A.; Fryxell, G.E. Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticle Analyte Sensor. U.S. Patent 8,679,458 (2014)
• Hutchison, J.E.; Woehrle, G.H.; Warner, M.G.; Brown, L.O. Nanoparticles and Method to Control Nanoparticle Spacing. WO 2006/127675 A2

2025

• Dhas, J.A. et al. 2025. “Tailoring the Physicochemical Properties of Nb Thin Films via Surface Engineering Methods.” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (cover article). doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c20490

2024

• Loer B.M., P. Harrington, B.C. Archambault, E.S. Fuller, B.D. Pierson, I.J. Arnquist, and K. Harouaka, et al. 2024. "Abatement of Ionizing Radiation for Superconducting Quantum Devices." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 9:Art. No. P09001. PNNL-SA-195572. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/19/09/P09001
• Loer, B. et al. 2024. “Abatement of Ionizing Radiation for Superconducting Quantum Devices.” Journal of Instrumentation, 19(09): P09001. doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/09/P09001
• Rebar, D.J. et al. 2024. “Ta-Based Damascene Resonators.” IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE), Vol. 2, 532–533. doi: 10.1109/QCE57630.2024.10565605

2023

• Nguyen, T. et al. 2023. “A Reference Implementation for a Quantum Message Passing Interface.” IEEE QCE 2023, Vol. 2, 292–293. doi: 10.1109/QCE57630.2023.10281433
• Shi Y., T. Nguyen, S.A. Stein, T.J. Stavenger, M.G. Warner, M. Roetteler, and T. Hoefler, et al. 2023. "A Reference Implementation for a Quantum Message Passing Interface." In Proceedings of the SC '23 Workshops of The International Conference on High Performance Computing, Network, Storage, and Analysis (SC-W 2023), November 12-17, 2023, Denver, CO, 1420-1425. New York, New York: Association for Computing Machinery. PNNL-SA-189779. doi:10.1145/3624062.3624212

2020

• Rosenthal W.S., F.C. Grogan, Y. Li, E.I. Barker, J.F. Christ, T.R. Pope, and A. Battu, et al. 2020. ""Sintering" Models and In-Situ Experiments: Data Assimilation for Microstructure Prediction in SLS Additive Manufacturing of Nylon Components." MRS Advances 5, no. 29-30:1593-1601. PNNL-SA-150448. doi:10.1557/adv.2020.125
• Battu, A.K. et al. 2020. “Build Orientation Dependent Microstructure in Polymer Laser Sintering.” Additive Manufacturing, 36, 101464. doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2020.101464

2019

• Hutchison J.R., S.M. Brooks, Z.C. Kennedy, T.R. Pope, B. Kaiser, K.D. Victry, and C.L. Warner, et al. 2019. "Polysaccharide-based liquid storage and transport media for non-refrigerated preservation of bacterial pathogens." PLoS One 14, no. 9:e0221831. PNNL-SA-142625. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221831
• Pope T.R., B.W. Arey, M.M. Zimmer, M. DeVore, II, M.G. Bronikowski, W. Kuhne, and A.T. Baldwin, et al. 2019. "Production of Particle Reference and Quality Control Materials." ESARDA Bulletin. PNNL-SA-143303.

2018

• Wunschel D.S., J.R. Hutchison, B. Kaiser, E.D. Merkley, B.M. Hess, A. Lin, and M.G. Warner. 2018. "Proteomic signatures differentiating Bacillus anthracis Sterne sporulation on soil relative to laboratory media." Analyst 143, no. 1:123-132. PNNL-SA-113414. doi:10.1039/c7an01412k

2017

• Kennedy Z.C., C.A. Barrett, and M.G. Warner. 2017. "Direct Functionalization of Acid-Terminated Nanodiamond with Azide: Enabling Access to 4-Substituted-1,2,3-Triazole Functionalized Particles." Langmuir 33, no. 11:2790-2798. PNNL-SA-122913. doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04477
• Kennedy Z.C., D.E. Stephenson, J.F. Christ, T.R. Pope, B.W. Arey, C.A. Barrett, and M.G. Warner. 2017. "Enhanced anti-counterfeiting measures for additive manufacturing: coupling lanthanide nanomaterial chemical signatures with blockchain technology." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 37:9570-9578. PNNL-SA-127746. doi:10.1039/C7TC03348F
• Kennedy Z.C., J.F. Christ, K.A. Evans, B.W. Arey, L.E. Sweet, M.G. Warner, and R.L. Erikson, et al. 2017. "3D-Printed Poly(vinylidene fluoride) / Carbon Nanotube Composites as a Tunable, Low-Cost Chemical Vapour Sensing Platform." Nanoscale 9, no. 17:5458-5466. PNNL-SA-123459. doi:10.1039/C7NR00617A

2016

• Chouyyok W., C.L. Warner, K.E. Mackie, M.G. Warner, G.A. Gill, and R.S. Addleman. 2016. "Nanostructured Metal Oxide Sorbents for the Collection and Recovery of Uranium from Seawater." Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 55, no. 15:4195-4207. PNNL-SA-113189. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03650
• Chouyyok W., J.W. Pittman, M.G. Warner, K.M. Nell, D.C. Clubb, G.A. Gill, and R.S. Addleman. 2016. "Surface Functionalized Nanostructured Ceramic Sorbents for the Effective Collection and Recovery of Uranium from Seawater." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 28:11312-11325. PNNL-SA-114269. doi:10.1039/c6dt01318j
• Gill G.A., L. Kuo, C.J. Janke, J. Park, R.T. Jeters, G.T. Bonheyo, and H. Pan, et al. 2016. "The Uranium from Seawater Program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory: Overview of Marine Testing, Adsorbent Characterization, Adsorbent Durability, Adsorbent Toxicity, and Deployment Studies." Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 55, no. 15:4264-4277. PNNL-SA-113457. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03649
• Kennedy Z.C., A.J. Cardenas, J.F. Corbey, and M.G. Warner. 2016. "2,6-Diiminopiperidin-1-ol: an overlooked motif relevant to uranyl and transition metal binding on poly(amidoxime) adsorbents." Chemical Communications 52, no. 57:8802-8805. PNNL-SA-117149. doi:10.1039/c6cc02488b
• Leggett C.J., B.F. Parker, S.J. Teat, Z. Zhang, P.D. Dau, W.W. Lukens, and S.M. Peterson, et al. 2016. "Structural and spectroscopic studies of a rare non-oxido V(v) complex crystallized from aqueous solution." Chemical Science 7, no. 4:2775-2786. PNNL-SA-112588. doi:10.1039/c5sc03958d
• Nell K.M., S.A. Fontenot, T.G. Carter, M.G. Warner, C.L. Warner, R.S. Addleman, and D.W. Johnson. 2016. "Non-Covalent Functionalization of High-Surface Area Nanomaterials: A New Class of Sorbent Materials." Environmental Science: Nano 3, no. 1:138-145. PNNL-SA-113262. doi:10.1039/C5EN00170F
• O'Hara M.J., J.C. Carter, C.L. Warner, M.G. Warner, and R.S. Addleman. 2016. "Magnetic iron oxide and manganese-doped iron oxide nanoparticles for the collection of alpha-emitting radionuclides from aqueous solutions." RSC Advances 6, no. 2016:105239-105251. PNNL-SA-119737. doi:10.1039/C6RA22262E

2015

• Grate J.W., K. Mo, Y. Shin, A. Vasdekis, M.G. Warner, R.T. Kelly, and G. Orr, et al. 2015. "Alexa Fluor-labeled Fluorescent Cellulose Nanocrystals for Bioimaging Solid Cellulose in Spatially Structured Microenvironments." Bioconjugate Chemistry 26, no. 3:593-601. PNNL-SA-88815. doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00048
• Kaiser B., D.S. Wunschel, M.A. Sydor, M.G. Warner, K.L. Wahl, and J.R. Hutchison. 2015. "Improved Proteomic Analysis Following Trichloroacetic Acid Extraction of Bacillus anthracis Spore Proteins." Journal of Microbiological Methods 118. PNNL-SA-106873. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2015.08.008

2014

• Ewing R.G., A. Heredia-Langner, and M.G. Warner. 2014. "Optimizing detection of RDX vapors using designed experiments for remote sensing." The Analyst 139, no. 10:2440-2448. PNNL-SA-100340. doi:10.1039/C4AN00125G

2013

• Blair M., R.E. Muenchausen, B.L. Bennett, N.A. Smith, and M.G. Warner. 2013. "Correlated Spin Systems in Undoped CdSe Quantum Dots." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 15, no. 11:Article No. 1953. PNNL-SA-97685. doi:10.1007/s11051-013-1953-2
• Grate J.W., C. Zhang, M.J. Wilkins, M.G. Warner, N.C. Anheier, J.D. Suter, and R.T. Kelly, et al. 2013. "Chemical sensing and imaging in microfluidic pore network structures relevant to natural carbon cycling and industrial carbon sequestration." In Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications V, April 29, 2013, Baltimore, Maryland. Proceedings of the SPIE, edited by T George, M Salif Islam and AK Dutta, 8725, Paper No. 87522. Bellingham, Washington:SPIE. PNNL-SA-94789. doi:10.1117/12.2018520
• Grate J.W., M.G. Warner, J.W. Pittman, K.J. Dehoff, T.W. Wietsma, C. Zhang, and M. Oostrom. 2013. "Silane Modification of Glass and Silica Surfaces to Obtain Equally Oil-Wet Surfaces in Glass-Covered Silicon Micromodel Applications." Water Resources Research 49, no. 8:4724-4729. PNNL-SA-90520. doi:10.1002/wrcr.20367
• Lumetta G.J., A.V. Gelis, J.C. Braley, J.C. Carter, J.W. Pittman, M.G. Warner, and G.F. Vandegrift. 2013. "The TRUSPEAK Concept: Combining CMPO and HDEHP for Separating Trivalent Lanthanides from the Transuranic Elements." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 31, no. 3:223-236. PNNL-SA-81137. doi:10.1080/07366299.2012.670595

2012

• Grate J.W., K.J. Dehoff, M.G. Warner, J.W. Pittman, T.W. Wietsma, C. Zhang, and M. Oostrom. 2012. "Correlation of Oil-Water and Air-Water Contact Angles of Diverse Silanized Surfaces and Relationship to Fluid Interfacial Tensions." Langmuir 28, no. 18:7182-7188. PNNL-SA-83545. doi:10.1021/la204322k
• Sinkov S.I., G.J. Lumetta, M.G. Warner, and J.W. Pittman. 2012. "Binding of stereognostically designed ligands to trivalent, pentavalent, and hexavalent f-block elements." Radiochimica Acta 100, no. 6:349-357. PNNL-SA-77181. doi:10.1524/ract.2012.1931
• Warner C.L., W. Chouyyok, K.E. Mackie, D. Neiner, L. Saraf, T.C. Droubay, and M.G. Warner, et al. 2012. "Manganese Doping of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Tailoring Surface Reactivity for a Regenerable Heavy Metal Sorbent." Langmuir 28, no. 8:3931-3937. PNNL-SA-81002. doi:10.1021/la2042235

2011

• Lee B., D. Lopez-Ferrer, B. Kim, H. Na, Y.I. Park, K.K. Weitz, and M.G. Warner, et al. 2011. "Rapid and Efficient Protein Digestion using Trypsin Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles under Pressure Cycles." Proteomics 11, no. 2:309-318. PNNL-SA-72833. doi:10.1002/pmic.201000378
• O'Hara M.J., J.C. Carter, J.A. Maclellan, C.L. Warner, M.G. Warner, and R.S. Addleman. 2011. "Investigation of magnetic nanoparticles for the rapid extraction and assay of alpha-emitting radionuclides from urine: Demonstration of a novel radiobioassay method." Health Physics 101, no. 2:196-208. PNNL-SA-76192.
• Zhang C., M. Oostrom, J.W. Grate, T.W. Wietsma, and M.G. Warner. 2011. "Liquid CO2 Displacement of Water in a Dual-Permeability Pore Network Micromodel." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 17:7581-7588. PNNL-SA-81215. doi:10.1021/es201858r
• Zhang C., M. Oostrom, T.W. Wietsma, J.W. Grate, and M.G. Warner. 2011. "Influence of Viscous and Capillary Forces on Immiscible Fluid Displacement: Pore-Scale Experimental Study in a Water-Wet Micromodel Demonstrating Viscous and Capillary Fingering." Energy and Fuels 25, no. 8:3493-3505. PNNL-SA-79115. doi:10.1021/ef101732k

2010

• Fontenot S.A., T.G. Carter, D.W. Johnson, R.S. Addleman, M.G. Warner, W. Yantasee, and C.L. Warner, et al. 2010. "Nanostructured materials for selective collection of trace-level metals from aqueous systems." In Trace Analysis with Nanomaterials, edited by D.T. Pierce and J.X. Zhao. 191-221. PNNL-SA-65531. doi:10.1002/9783527632015.ch8
• Grate J.W., C. Zhang, T.W. Wietsma, M.G. Warner, N.C. Anheier, B.E. Bernacki, and G. Orr, et al. 2010. "A note on the visualization of wetting film structures and a nonwetting immiscible fluid in a pore network micromodel using a solvatochromic dye." Water Resources Research 46. PNNL-SA-71572. doi:10.1029/2010WR009419
• Grate J.W., R.M. Ozanich, M.G. Warner, C.J. Bruckner-Lea, and J.D. Marks. 2010. "Advances in Assays and Analytical Approaches for Botulinum Toxin Detection." Trends in Analytical Chemistry. TrAC 29, no. 10:1137-1156. PNNL-SA-72191. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2010.07.005
• Rutledge R.D., C.L. Warner, J.W. Pittman, R.S. Addleman, M.H. Engelhard, W. Chouyyok, and M.G. Warner. 2010. "Thiol-Ene Induced Diphosphonic Acid Functionalization of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles." Langmuir 26, no. 14:12285-12292. PNNL-SA-71652.
• Warner C.L., S. Addleman, A.D. Cinson, T.C. Droubay, M.H. Engelhard, M.A. Nash, and W. Yantasee, et al. 2010. "High-Performance, Superparamagnetic, Nanoparticle-Based Heavy Metal Sorbents for Removal of Contaminants from Natural Waters." ChemSusChem 3, no. 6:749-757. PNNL-SA-70116. doi:10.1002/cssc.201000027
• Yantasee W., R.D. Rutledge, W. Chouyyok, V. Sukwarotwat, G. Orr, C.L. Warner, and M.G. Warner, et al. 2010. "Functionalized Nanoporous Silica for Removal of Heavy Metals from Biological Systems; Adsorption and Application." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2, no. 10:2749-2758. PNNL-SA-73483. doi:10.1021/am100616b

2009

• Fernandez C.A., J. Roberts, E.M. Hoppes, G.E. Fryxell, C.M. Wang, J.T. Bays, and M.G. Warner, et al. 2009. "Effect of the Ligand Shell Composition on the Dispersibility and Transport of Gold Nanocrystals in Near Critical Solvents." Langmuir 25, no. 9:4900-4906. PNWD-SA-8342. doi:10.1021/la804058x
• Fernandez C.A., J. Roberts, E.M. Hoppes, R.J. Wiacek, G.E. Fryxell, J.T. Bays, and M.G. Warner, et al. 2009. "Advancements Toward the Greener Processing of Engineered Nanomaterials -- Effect of Core Size on the Dispersibility and Transport of Gold Nanocrystals in Near-Critical Solvents." Small 5, no. 8:961-969. PNWD-SA-8223. doi:10.1002/smll.200801207
• Grate J.W., M.G. Warner, R.M. Ozanich, K.D. Miller, H.A. Colburn, B.P. Dockendorff, and K.C. Antolick, et al. 2009. "Renewable Surface Fluorescence Sandwich Immunoassay Biosensor for Rapid Sensitive Botulinum Toxin Detection in an Automated Fluidic Format." Analyst 134, no. 5:987 - 996. PNNL-SA-63257. doi:10.1039/B900794F
• Ozanich R.M., C.J. Bruckner-Lea, M.G. Warner, K.D. Miller, K.C. Antolick, J.D. Marks, and J. Lou, et al. 2009. "Rapid Multiplexed Flow Cytometric Assay for Botulinum Neurotoxin Detection Using an Automated Fluidic Microbead-Trapping Flow Cell for Enhanced Sensitivity." Analytical Chemistry 81, no. 14:5783-5793. PNNL-SA-64163.
• Warner M.G., C.L. Warner, R.S. Addleman, and W. Yantasee. 2009. "Magnetic Nanomaterials for Environmental Sensing." In Nanomaterials for the Life Sciences: Magnetic Nanomaterials, edited by CSSR Kumar. 311-344. Weinheim:Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. PNNL-SA-63088.
• Warner M.G., C.L. Warner, R.S. Addleman, T.C. Droubay, M.H. Engelhard, J.D. Davidson, and A.D. Cinson, et al. 2009. "Synthesis of Functionalized Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from a Common Precursor and their Application as Heavy Metal and Actinide Sorbents." In Abstracts of Papers of the 237th ACS National Meeting, March 22-26, 2009, Salt Lake City, Utah, COLL-465. Washington Dc:American Chemical Society. PNNL-SA-65452.
• Warner M.G., J.W. Grate, A.J. Tyler, R.M. Ozanich, K.D. Miller, J. Lou, and J.D. Marks, et al. 2009. "Quantum dot immunoassays in renewable surface column and 96-well plate formats for the fluorescence detection of Botulinum neurotoxin using high-affinity antibodies." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 25, no. 1:179-184. PNNL-SA-64430.

2008

• Fernandez C.A., E.M. Hoppes, J.G. Bekhazi, C.M. Wang, R.J. Wiacek, M.G. Warner, and G.E. Fryxell, et al. 2008. "Tuning and Quantifying the Dispersibility of Gold Nanocrystals in Liquid and Supercritical Solvents." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 112, no. 36:13947-13957. PNWD-SA-8129. doi:10.1021/jp8038237
• Fernandez C.A., R.J. Wiacek, P. Nachimuthu, G.E. Fryxell, A.M. Pierson, C.L. Warner, and M.G. Warner, et al. 2008. "A Simple Method for the Prevention of Non-Specific Adsorption by Nanocrystals onto Surfaces." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 11:5781-5786. PNWD-SA-7926. doi:10.1166/jnn.2008.320
• Yantasee W., K. Hongsirikarn, C.L. Warner, D. Choi, T. Sangvanich, M.B. Toloczko, and M.G. Warner, et al. 2008. "Direct detection of Pb in urine and Cd, Pb, Cu, and Ag in natural waters using electrochemical sensors immobilized with DMSA functionalized magnetic nanoparticles." The Analyst 133, no. 3:348-355. PNNL-SA-57442. doi:10.1039/b711199a

2007

• Ozanich R.M., K.C. Antolick, C.J. Bruckner-Lea, B.P. Dockendorff, A.N. Easterday, H.C. Edberg, and J.W. Grate, et al. 2007. "Use of a Novel Fluidics Microbead Trap/Flow-cell Enhances Speed and Sensitivity of Bead-Based Bioassays." JALA. Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 12, no. 5:303-310. PNNL-SA-54715. doi:10.1016/j.jala.2007.05.002
• Yantasee W., C.L. Warner, T. Sangvanich, R.S. Addleman, T.G. Carter, R.J. Wiacek, and G.E. Fryxell, et al. 2007. "Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Systems with Thiol Functionalized Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles." Environmental Science & Technology 41, no. 14:p.5114-5119. PNNL-SA-53961. doi:10.1021/es0705238

2006

• Varnum S.M., M.G. Warner, B.P. Dockendorff, N.C. Anheier, J. Lou, J.D. Marks, and L.A. Smith, et al. 2006. "Enzyme-amplified protein micorarray and a fluidic renewable surface fluorescence immunoassay for botulinum neurotoxin detection using high-affinity recombinant antibodies." Analytica Chimica Acta 570, no. 2:137-143. PNNL-SA-47972.

2004

• Warner M.G., B.P. Dockendorff, M.J. Feldhaus, N.C. Anheier, J.D. Marks, J.W. Grate, and C.J. Bruckner-Lea. 2004. "Rapid, Sensitive Detection of Botulinum Toxin on a Flexible Microfluidics Platform." In Chemical Sensors VI: Chemical and Biological Sensors and Analytical Methods, edited by C. Bruckner-Lea, P. Vanysek, G. Hunter, et al., 2004-08, 376-380. Pennington, New Jersey:Electrochemical Society. PNNL-SA-41899.
• Woehrle G.H., M.G. Warner, and J.E. Hutchison. 2004. "Molecular-Level Control of Feature Separation in One-Dimensional Nanostructure Assemblies Formed by Biomolecular Nanolithography." Langmuir 20, no. 14:5982-5988. PNNL-SA-43202.