PNNL

Courtney Bottenus joined Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in 2016 as a research chemical engineer in the Experimental and Computational Engineering group in the Nuclear Science Division. Bottenus is responsible for supporting technical computational and experimental efforts associated with the Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management.

In this capacity, she engages with experts from across PNNL along with colleagues at the DOE Office of River Protection and prime contractors across the Hanford Site to address technical needs for the management, retrieval, and treatment of Hanford’s radioactive and hazardous tank waste and integrated flowsheet. Her experience has also allowed her to crosscut into efforts and project management roles supporting DOE’s National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Defense Programs.

Prior to joining PNNL, Bottenus spent her career between academia and industry, first stepping into industry in 2001. She worked for Isothermal Systems Research, Inc. (now part of Parker Hannifin Aerospace) supporting product development in the Research and Development Division, managing the material and fluid compatibility laboratory, and innovating in the field of high-heat-flux applications using the company’s two-phase direct impingement spray cooling technology. Her next industry role had her supporting the startup and design for Ag Energy Solutions (now NuPhy) converting various agricultural waste into synthetic gas and high-value natural carbon material. At Washington State University, Bottenus supported a GK-12 National Science Foundation project bringing culturally relevant engineering applications and research projects into regional high school science and math classrooms. Additionally, she researched aerosol pollution focusing on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons evolving from engine exhaust and other urban activities.

Through her work and academic experiences, Bottenus has developed a distinct repertoire of skills spanning a wide breadth within the field of engineering and a broad background through involvement in innovative research and development. She earned her BS in chemical engineering from the University of Idaho and her MS and PhD in chemical engineering from Washington State University.

• Chemical Engineering
• Process Control
• Nuclear
• Nuclear Waste Management
• Flowsheet Development
• Data Analysis
• Experimental Design
• Aerosol Science

• PhD, chemical engineering, Washington State University
• MS, chemical engineering, Washington State University
• BS, chemical engineering, University of Idaho

• American Institute of Chemical Engineering (AIChE)
• Chair, Nuclear Engineering Division, AIChE, 2022 – Present
• Society of Women Engineering
• American Chemical Society
• Nuclear Energy Institute
• US Women in Nuclear

• Tilton, D. E., A. Maehren, C. Bonuccelli. 2007. “Automated Venting and Refilling Of Multiple Liquid Cooling Systems.” US20070193721

2022

Bottenus C., K.A. Muller, K.M. Munson, and M.S. Fountain. 2022. Measurement of Total, Elemental, and Methyl Mercury in Hanford Tank Waste: Technology Transfer from PNNL to Hanford 222-S Laboratory. PNNL-32726. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Bottenus C., H.B. Sabella, M.B. Triplett, and E.L. McCann. 11/16/2022. "Visualization of 35+ years of Data & Associated Applications for Informing Key Decisions." Presented by C. Bottenus at AIChE Annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona. PNNL-SA-179589.

Vienna J.D., X. Lu, P. Ferkl, J. Marcial, M.S. Fountain, and C. Bottenus. 2022. Initial Evaluation of Direct-Feed High-Level Waste Glass Formulations and Processing Rates. PNNL-32866. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Vienna J.D., X. Lu, P. Ferkl, J. Marcial, M.S. Fountain, and C. Bottenus. 2022. Initial Evaluation of Direct-Feed High-Level Waste Glass Formulations and Processing Rates. PNNL-32866 Rev. 1. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

2021

Bottenus. C., K.A. Muller, M.S. Fountain, S.D. Branch, C.R. Myers, G.A. Gill, and K.M. Munson

2021 “Mercury Speciation of Hanford 241‑AP‑105 Tank Waste Samples” In WM Symposium 2021. PNNL-SA-158962

2020

Asmussen R.M., T.G. Levitskaia, C. Bottenus, and M.S. Fountain. 2020. Iodine Speciation Basis and Gap Analysis for Hanford Tank Farm Inventory and during Processing. PNNL-30105. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Gauglitz P.A., C. Bottenus, M.R. Powell, C. Burns, G.K. Boeringa, T.G. Veldman, and D.R. Bottenus. 2020. Particle Size and Density Measurement. PNNL-29736. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Liu J., L.A. Mahoney, M.J. Minette, S.K. Nune, C.K. Clayton, C. Bottenus, and C.J. Freeman, et al. 2020. Overview of 2017 Through 2018 Testing of Powered Air-Purifying (PAPR) Respirator Cartridge Performance on Multiple Hanford Tank Headspaces and Exhausters. PNNL-29416 Rev. 0. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

M.S. Fountain, S.D. Branch, C.L.H Bottenus, J.R. Wood, and G.A. Gill. 2020 “Mercury Speciation of Hanford 241‑AP‑105 Tank Waste Samples” In WM Symposium 2020. PNNL-SA-150596

Nune S.K., C. Bottenus, J. Liu, L.A. Mahoney, C.J. Freeman, and T.M. Brouns. 2020. Analysis of Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) and Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) Cartridge Performance Testing on a Hanford AP Tank Farm Exhauster Slipstream Volume 1. PNNL-28680 Vol1Rev0. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. doi:10.2172/1673761.

Nune S.K., C. Bottenus, J. Liu, L.A. Mahoney, C.J. Freeman, and T.M. Brouns. 2020. Analysis of Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) and Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) Cartridge Performance Testing on a Hanford AP Tank Farm Exhauster Slipstream Volume 2 Raw Analytical Data. PNNL-28680 Vol2 Rev0. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. doi:10.2172/1734567.

Nune S.K., C. Bottenus, J. Liu, L.A. Mahoney, C.J. Freeman, and T.M. Brouns. 2020. Analysis of Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) and Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) Cartridge Performance Testing on Hanford Tanks BY-108 and BY-110 Volume 1. PNNL-28334 Vol1 Rev0. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Nune S.K., C. Bottenus, J. Liu, L.A. Mahoney, C.J. Freeman, and T.M. Brouns. 2020. Analysis of Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) and Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) Cartridge Performance Testing on Hanford Tanks BY-108 and BY-110 Volume 2 Raw Analytical Data. PNNL-28334 Vol2_Rev0. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Schonewill P.P., H.A. Colburn, P.A. Gauglitz, C. Bottenus, A.M. Rovira, C. Burns, and S.A. Bryan, et al. 03/10/2020. "Testing of Crystalline Silicotitanate to Support Tank-Side Cesium Removal System Operations." Presented by P.P. Schonewill at WM Symposia 2020, Phoenix, Arizona. PNNL-SA-150883.

Schonewill P.P., H.A. Colburn, P.A. Gauglitz, C. Bottenus, A.M. Rovira, C. Burns, and S.A. Bryan, et al. 2020. "Testing of Crystalline Silicotitanate to Support Tank-Side Cesium Removal System Operations." In WM Symposium 2020. PNNL-SA-149274

Schonewill P.P., H.A. Colburn, P.A. Gauglitz, C. Bottenus, A.M. Rovira, C. Burns, and S.A. Bryan, et al. 03/10/2020. "Testing of Crystalline Silicotitanate to Support Tank-Side Cesium Removal System Operations." Presented by P.P. Schonewill at WM Symposia 2020, Phoenix, Arizona. PNNL-SA-150883.

2019

C. Bottenus, MS Fountain, SD Branch, GA Gill, and JR Wood. 2019. “Mercury Speciation and Quantification of Hanford 241-AP-107 Tank Waste Feed and Treated Samples.”  PNNL-29555. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Bottenus C., P.A. Gauglitz, M.R. Powell, C. Burns, G.K. Boeringa, T.G. Veldman, and D.R. Bottenus, et al. 06/18/2019. Microchannel Flow Cell Assisted Measurements of Particle Size and density Distributions in Aqueous Slurries. Richland, WA. PNNL-SA-144466.

Brouns T.M., C. Bottenus, S.K. Nune, C.J. Freeman, J. Liu, L.A. Mahoney, and M.J. Minette. 2019. Overview of 2016 through 2018 Testing of Air-Purifying Respirator Cartridge Performance on Multiple Hanford Tank Headspaces and Exhausters: Volume 2 - AW Tank Farm Exhauster Testing during a Waste-Disturbing Event. PNNL-26821 Rev1, Vol2. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Freeman C.J., J. Liu, C.K. Clayton, S.K. Nune, L.A. Mahoney, C. Bottenus, and T.M. Brouns, et al. 2019. Overview of 2016 through 2018 Testing of Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) Cartridge Performance on Multiple Hanford Tank Headspaces and Exhausters - Volume 1: A Summary of APR Test Results. PNNL-26821 Rev1, Vol1. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Gauglitz P.A., C. Bottenus, G.K. Boeringa, C. Burns, and P.P. Schonewill. 2019. Drying of Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) Beds by Air Flow. PNNL-28763. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. [Unpublished] PNNL-28763

Gauglitz P.A., C. Bottenus, G.K. Boeringa, C. Burns, and P.P. Schonewill. 11/22/2019. "Drying of Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) Beds by Air Flow." Richland, WA, United States. PNNL-SA-146573.

Recknagle K.P., S.R. Suffield, B.E. Wells, C.W. Enderlin, and C. Bottenus. 06/12/2019. Analytical and CFD Model Evaluation of AP-106 Liquid Heel Retrieval and Mixing Operations. Presented by B.E. Wells, S.R. Suffield at Presentation at WRPS, Richland, WA. PNNL-SA-144407.

Gauglitz P.A., C. Bottenus, M.R. Powell, C. Burns, G.K. Boeringa, T.G. Veldman, and D.R. Bottenus. 07/09/2019. "Particle Size and Density Measurement." Presented by P.A. Gauglitz at NPSI Annual Review, Richland, Washington. PNNL-SA-144926.

Nune S.K., C. Bottenus, J. Liu, L.A. Mahoney, C.J. Freeman, and T.M. Brouns. 2019. Analysis of Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) and Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) Cartridge Performance Testing. PNNL-28680 Vol2 RevA. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. [Unpublished]

Nune S.K., C. Bottenus, J. Liu, L.A. Mahoney, C.J. Freeman, and T.M. Brouns. 2019. Analysis of Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) and Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) Cartridge Performance Testing on a Hanford AP Tank Farm Exhauster Slipstream. PNNL-28680 Vol 1 Rev A. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. [Unpublished]

Wells B.E., K.P. Recknagle, S.R. Suffield, C.W. Enderlin, C. Bottenus, and M.S. Fountain. 2019. Analytical and CFD Model Evaluation of AP-106 Liquid Heel Retrieval and Mixing Operations. PNNL-28841. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

2018

Bottenus C. and M.S. Fountain. 06/27/2018. “One System River Protection Project (RPP) Integrated Flowsheet.” Presented by Courtney LH Bottenus at Environmental Management Workshop EFRC, Richland, WA. PNNL-SA-135911.

Bottenus C., C. Bottenus, and M.S. Fountain. 06/27/2018. “One System River Protection Project (RPP) Integrated Flowsheet.” Presented by Courtney LH Bottenus at Environmental Management Workshop EFRC, Richland, WA, Washington. PNNL-SA-135911.

Bottenus, C., Massoli, P., Sueper, D., Canagaratna, M., Chung, S., and VanReken, T. “Identification of Amines in Wintertime Ambient Particulate Material using High Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry.” Atmospheric Environment. 2018. 180, 173-183. (PNNL-SA-136283)

Fountain M.S., R.A. Peterson, and C. Bottenus. 2018. “Hanford Reference Integrated Flowsheet Support.” PNNL-SA-134281, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 2018. (poster/handout)

Gauglitz PA, SD Rassat, DT Linn, CLH Bottenus, GK Boeringa, CM Stewart, BJ Riley, and PP Schonewill. “Gas Retention, Gas Release, and Fluidization of Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (sRF) Ion Exchange Resin.” PNNL-27460, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 2018.

Gauglitz PA, BE Wells, CLH Bottenus, and PP Schonewill. “Maximum Potential Hydrogen Gas Retention in the sRF Resin Ion Exchange Column for the LAWPS Process.” PNNL-26995 Rev.0, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. 2018.

Gunsch, M. J., May, N. W., Wen, M., Bottenus, C. L. H., Gardner, D., VanReken, T. M., Bertman, S. B., Hopke, P. K., Andrew P. Ault, A. P., and Pratt, K. A. “Ubiquitous Influence of Wildfire Emissions and Secondary Organic Aerosol on Summertime Atmospheric Aerosol in the Forested Great Lakes Region.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2018. 18, 3701-3715. (PNNL-SA-136284)

Mahoney L.A., C. Bottenus, E.V. Morrey, and K.G. Rappe. 2018. Maximum Concentration Values Review for Use in NUCON Vapor Abatement Unit Testing. PNNL-27368. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Doi:10.2172/1545579.

Nune S.K., C. Bottenus, J. Liu, L.A. Mahoney, C.J. Freeman, and T.M. Brouns. Analysis of Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) and Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) Cartridge Performance Testing on a Hanford AP Tank Farm Exhauster Slipstream.

Nune S.K., C. Bottenus, J. Liu, L.A. Mahoney, C.J. Freeman, and T.M. Brouns. 2018. Analysis of Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) and Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) Cartridge Performance Testing on Hanford Tanks BY-108 and BY-110. PNNL-28334 Vol 1 Rev A. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Nune S.K., C. Bottenus, J. Liu, L.A. Mahoney, C.J. Freeman, and T.M. Brouns. 2018. Analysis of Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) and Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) Cartridge Performance Testing on Hanford Tanks BY-108 and BY-110. PNNL-28334 Vol 2 Rev A. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

2017

VanReken, T., Dhammapala, R., Jobson, B. T., Bottenus, C., VanderSchelden, G., Kaspari, S., Gao, Z., Zhu, Q., Lamb, B., Liu, H., and Johnson, J. “The Role of Persistent Low-level Clouds in Mitigating Air Quality Impacts of Wintertime Cold Pool Conditions.” Atmospheric Environment. 2017. 154, 236-246.

2016

VanderSchelden, G., Foy, B., Herring, C., Kaspari, S., VanReken, T., and Jobson, B. T. “Contributions of Wood Smoke and Vehicle Emissions to Ambient Concentrations of VOCs and PM during the Yakima Wintertime Nitrate Study.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2016, 122.

2015

Dent, S. and Herring, C. “Activity: Hydrogen-Oxygen Reaction Lab.” Last updated May 3, 2015. Hands-on activity, TeachEngineering Digital Library. Accessed May 20, 2015.   https://www.teachengineering.org/view_activity.php?url=collection/wsu_/activities/wsu_oxygen_hydrogen_activity1/wsu_oxygen_hydrogen_activity1.xml

Herring, C., Faiola, C., Massoli, P., Sueper, D., Erickson^, M., McDonald, J., Simpson, C., Yost, M., Jobson, B.T., and VanReken, T. “New Methodology for High Resolution Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Quantification using High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry.” Aerosol Science and Technology. 2015, 49(11), 1131-1148.

Herring, C. “Characterization of Particulate Pollution by Aerosol Mass Spectrometry.” College of Engineering and Architecture, Washington State University, August 2015.

Herring, C. “Activity: Concentrate This! Sugar or Salt.” Last updated May 3, 2015. Hands-on activity, TeachEngineering Digital Library. Accessed May 20, 2015. https://www.teachengineering.org/view_activity.php?url=collection/wsu_/activities/wsu_concentrate/wsu_concentrate_activity1.xml

Herring, C. “Activity: Penny Perfect Properties (Solid-Liquid Interactions).” Last updated May 3, 2015. Hands-on activity, TeachEngineering Digital Library. Accessed May 20, 2015. https://www.teachengineering.org/view_activity.php?url=collection/wsu_/activities/wsu_penny/wsu_penny_activity1.xml

Herring, C. “Activity: To Heat or Not to Heat?” Last updated May 3, 2015. Hands-on activity, TeachEngineering Digital Library. Accessed May 20, 2015. https://www.teachengineering.org/view_activity.php?url=collection/wsu_/activities/wsu_heat_activity/wsu_heat_activity.xml

Herring, C. "Activity: Reaction Exposed…The BIG Chill." Last updated May 3, 2015. Hands-on activity, TeachEngineering Digital Library. Accessed May 20, 2015. https://www.teachengineering.org/view_activity.php?url=collection/wsu_/activities/wsu_big_chill_activity1/wsu_big_chill_activity1.xml

Herring, C., Vanderschelden, G., Canagaratna, M., Sueper, D., Massoli, P., Chung, S., Jobson, T.M., and VanReken, T., “The Contributions of Amines to Ambient Wintertime Aerosol as Measured by High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry”, 34^th Annual American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) Conference, Minneapolis, MN, October 12-16, 2015. (oral)

2014

VanReken, T.M., Jobson, T., VanderSchelden, G., Herring, C., Zhu, Q., Gao, Zhongming, Lamb, B., Liu, H., Kaspari, S., Dhammapala, R., and Johnston, J., “Impacts of Persistent Low Cloud on Air Pollution Concentrations during Wintertime Stagnation Conditions”, 16th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry, AMS 94th Annual Meeting, Jan 2014. (oral)

2013

VanderSchelden, G., Erickson, M., Wallace, H., Herring, C., Kaspari, S., VanReken, T., and Jobson, T., “An Investigation of Wintertime Air Quality in Yakima Washington: Ratios of Primary Pollutants”, 2013 AGU Fall Meeting, Dec 2013. (poster)

VanderSchelden, G., Erickson, M., Wallace, H., Herring, C., VanReken, T., and Jobson, T., “Contribution of Wood Smoke to Ambient Concentrations of VOCs, CO, and Black Carbon in Yakima, Washington”, 53rd Annual Conference of the Pacific Northwest International Section of the Air & Waste Management Association, Nov 2013. (oral)

Herring, C. and VanReken T. “Characterization of Mixed Diesel and Gasoline Exhaust by HR-ToF-AMS under Varied Engine Load and Dilution Conditions.” In 32^nd Annual American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) Conference, Portland, OR, October 30-November 1, 2013. (poster) **Winner of Student Poster Award.

VanReken, T., VanderSchelden, G., Herring, C., Zhu, Q., Gao, Z., O’Keeffe, P., Russell, E., Wallace, W., Erickson, E., Jobson, T., Liu, H., Lamb, B., Kaspari, S. Dhammapala, R., and Johnston, J., “The Yakima Air Winter Nitrate Study (YAWNS): Early Results”, 2013 Western Air Quality Modeling Workshop, Jul 2013. (oral)

2012

VanReken, T., Jobson, T., Erickson, M., Herring, C., Gueneron, M., and Faiola, C., “Chemical Characterization of the LRRI Exhaust Exposure Chambers by PTR-MS and HR-ToF-AMS: Early Results”, US EPA Clean Air Research Centers Annual Meeting, June 2012. (poster)

2010

Bonuccelli, C. "Optimized Two-Phase Heat and Mass Transfer Through Enhanced Surface Interactions Involving Micro Pin-Fins and Self-Assembled Monolayers." In Annual Project Meeting. NSF Graduate STEM Fellows in K-12 Education, Washington D.C., March 2010. (poster)

Bonuccelli, C. and Davis, D. "Engaging K-12 Students in Engineering Design of Cooling Systems for Electronics." In Session Think Outside the Box! K-12 Engineering Curriculum. ASEE 117th Annual Conference and Exposition, Louisville, KY, June 22, 2010.

Bonuccelli, C. and Davis, D. "Engaging K-12 Students in Engineering Design of Cooling Systems for Electronics." In Session Think Outside the Box! K-12 Engineering Curriculum. 117^th Annual American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Conference and Exposition, Louisville, KY, June 22, 2010. (poster)

Bonuccelli, C. and Soule, J. "Building Engineers for the Future: Changing Perceptions of Math and Science in Rural Washington". In 2010 NSF Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program Conference, Washington, DC, July 7-9, 2010.

Bonuccelli, C., Wemlinger, E., Hamilin, N., and Westhoff, G. "Strategies for Training Fellows to Successfully Integrate their Research into the Classroom." In Annual Project Meeting. NSF Graduate STEM Fellows in K-12 Education, Washington D.C., March 2010.

Bonuccelli, C., Wemlinger, E., Hamilin, N., and Westhoff, G. "Designing and Implementing Culturally Responsive Engineering Applications in Mathematics (CREAM)."  In Showcase 2010. Washington State University, March 2010. (poster)

Bonuccelli, C., Wemlinger, E., Hamilin, N., and Westhoff, G. "Strategies for Training Fellows to Successfully Integrate their Research into the Classroom." In Annual Project Meeting. NSF Graduate STEM Fellows in K-12 Education, Washington D.C., March 2010. (poster)

Bonuccelli, C., Wemlinger, E., and Westhoff, G. "Sculpting Successful Stem Fellows: Strategies for Transitioning from a Researcher to an Educator and Researcher." In NSF GK-12 Special Focus Meeting. NSF Graduate STEM Fellows in K-12 Education, San Diego, CA, February 2010. (oral)

Bonuccelli, C., Wemlinger, E., and Westhoff, G. "Sculpting Successful Stem Fellows: Strategies for Transitioning from a Researcher to an Educator and Researcher." In 2010 American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Annual Meeting. Advancing Science, Serving Society, San Diego, CA, February 2010. (poster)

J. Jensen, T. Haines, C. Bonuccelli, N.-Y. –Beyenal, S. Aliyeva, K. Chang, R. Rischer, D. Davis, and N. I. Abu-Lail. “Culturally relevant experiments in science and mathematics for high schools outreach”, WSU’s Showcase and WSU’s Undergraduate Poster Research Competition, March 2010. (poster)

2009

Bonuccelli, C. "Optimized Two-Phase Heat and Mass Transfer through Enhanced Liquid/Vapor/Surface Interactions Involving Micro Pin-Fins and Self-Assembled Monolayers." In Annual Project Meeting. NSF Graduate STEM Fellows in K-12 Education, Washington D.C., March 2009. (poster)

Bonuccelli, C. "Optimized Two-Phase Heat and Mass Transfer through Enhanced Liquid/Vapor/Surface Interactions Involving Micro Pin-Fins and Self-Assembled Monolayers" In Annual Project Meeting. NSF Graduate STEM Fellows in K-12 Education, Washington D.C., March 2009.

2006

Bonuccelli, C., "A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Multi-phase Interactions in Pure and Multicomponent Droplet Evaporation", College of Engineering and Architecture, Washington State University, Master’s Dissertation, December 2006.

Schwarzkopf, J., Shakal, J., and Bonuccelli, C. "A New Method for Minimizing Volumetric Flux Errors Associated with PDPA Measurements in the Dilute Region of Full Cone Pressure Swirl Atomizers." ICLASS 06-163, August 2006.