Pyrocumulonimbus clouds are increasing in frequency as large wildfires become more prevalent in a warming climate. These clouds can inject smoke particles into the atmosphere, where they can remain suspended for several months.
Using numerical simulations to reproduce the laboratory experiments, this study reveals that liquid droplets are present near the bottom surface, which warms and moistens the air in the chamber.
Researchers found that in a future where the Great Plains are 4 to 6 degrees Celsius (°C) warmer as projected in a high-emission scenario, these storms could bring three times more intense rainfall.
Researchers show how satellite observations from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and CloudSat radar can be used to constrain the ACI radiative forcing that is linked to droplet collection in marine liquid clouds.
A new study demonstrates a hybrid model that can simulate part of a system at the molecular scale and other parts at larger scales in a computationally efficient manner, providing greater simulation flexibility.