Learn how microbes, algae, proteins, and other biological systems can help extract, separate, and concentrate critical minerals.

Transactive energy enables real-time energy exchange between consumers and providers, optimizing grid efficiency and promoting renewable energy use.

Environmental justice ensures underserved communities are included in environmental decisions, addressing disproportionate impacts and promoting equity in health.

Smart grids use advanced technologies to optimize energy distribution, improve reliability, integrate renewables, and enhance power system efficiency.