This invention disclosure report describes alternative methods of direct coal liquefaction for the production of chemicals and fuels. Through utilization of microwave or Rf energies, coal is directly converted to a variety of value-added chemicals and fuels. Direct generation of acetylene, olefins, BTX, naphtha, naphthalenes, and fuel precursors from coal in inert atmospheres are observed. Addition of hydrogen and/or methane can further increases direct fuel production and hydrogenation of the coal-derived liquids is observed at atmospheric pressure and modest temperatures. Modifications of reactants, process parameters, and reactor design can significantly influence the relative product distribution of chemicals and fuels generated.