An anode-free rechargeable battery is disclosed. The battery includes an anode current collector and a cathode containing an active cation M.sup.n+, where n=1, 2, or 3. The anode-free rechargeable battery further includes a separator placed between the anode current collector and the cathode. The anode-free rechargeable battery also includes an electrolyte including a salt or salt mixture containing an active cation M.sup.n+ dissolved in a solvent or solvent mixture.