ADVANCED MULTI-LAYER ACTIVE MAGNETIC REGENERATOR SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR MAGNETOCALORIC LIQUEFACTION
An apparatus comprising: an active magnetic regenerative regenerator comprising multiple successive layers, wherein each layer comprises an independently compositionally distinct magnetic refrigerant material having Curie temperatures 18-22 K apart between successively adjacent layers, and the layers are arranged in successive Curie temperature order and magnetic refrigerant material mass order with a first layer having the highest Curie temperature layer and highest magnetic refrigerant material mass and the last layer having the lowest Curie temperature layer and lowest magnetic refrigerant material mass.
LOCALIZED SUPERCONCENTRATED ELECTROLYTES FOR SILICON ANODES
This invention is related to Localized High Concentration Electrolytes (LHCE) that are stable with silicon (Si) based anode, graphite anode, and various cathode materials in an electrochemical cell. The electrolyte is also stable with the conventional binders used in Si based anode.
CONVERSION OF ETHANOL TO C5+ KETONES IN SINGLE CATALYST BED
Methods, systems and catalysts for converting an alcohol containing feedstock to an upgraded material in a single catalyst bed wherein a feedstock is fed to a catalyst under preselected conditions to obtain an intermediate; and condensing the intermediate through an aldol condensation reaction to yield a product containing an upgraded material. In one instance the feedstock includes ethanol, the catalyst is a mixed metal oxide catalyst and the upgraded material is typically a C.sub.5+ ketone(s) or alcohol(s), such as 2-pentanone, 2-heptanone, 4-heptanone and 2-nonanone.
METHOD OF EVALUATING CHANGE IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION DUE TO VOLT VAR OPTIMIZATION
A method of evaluating an optimization system is disclosed. The system is transitioned from an on state to an off state. Data is collected at time intervals for a time period before and after the system is transitioned from the on state to the off state. The transitioning occurs while a load of a particular type is active. In one embodiment, the optimization system is a Volt/VAR Optimization (VVO) system.
LOW FLAMMABILITY ELECTROLYTES FOR STABLE OPERATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES
Low flammability and nonflammable localized superconcentrated electrolytes (LSEs) for stable operation of electrochemical devices, such as rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and sensors, are disclosed. Electrochemical devices, such as rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and sensors, including the low flammability and nonflammable LSEs are also disclosed. The low flammability and nonflammable LSEs include an active salt, a solvent comprising a flame retardant compound, wherein the active salt is soluble in the solvent, and a diluent in which the active salt is insoluble or poorly soluble. In certain embodiments, such as when the solvent and diluent are immiscible, the LSE further includes a bridge solvent.
BATTERY SYSTEM MANAGEMENT THROUGH NON-LINEAR ESTIMATION OF BATTERY STATE OF CHARGE
Systems, methods, and computer media for battery system management and non-linear estimation of battery state of charge are provided herein. Battery data is received for a time period over which a battery system has operated. The battery data represents the actual performance of the battery system over the time period. Sub-periods of charging or discharging can be identified in the time period. For the sub-periods of time, a curve can be fit to the battery data. Using the curves for the battery data for the sub-periods of time, an expected performance of the battery system, over a range of states-of-charge, can be determined. Operating instructions for the battery system can be provided based on the expected performance.
HIGH CAPACITY AND STABLE CATHODE MATERIALS
High energy density cathode materials, such as LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) cathode materials, with improved discharge capacity (hence energy density) and enhanced cycle life are described, A solid electrolyte, such as lithium phosphate infused inside of secondary particles of the cathode material demonstrates significantly enhanced structural integrity without significant or without any observable particle cracking occurring during charge/discharge processes, showing high capacity retention of more than 90% after 200 cycles at room temperature. In certain embodiments the disclosed cathode materials (and cathodes made therefrom) are formed using nickel-rich NMC and/or are used in a battery system with a non-aqueous dual-Li salt electrolytes.
Cell Design and Fabrication of Li Metal Pouch Cells with cell-level energy of 300 Wh/kg or higher
A prototypic Li metal pouch cell with 300 Wh/kg and above has been demonstrated and reported in this disclosure. Through the integration of cell design, fabrication and new electrolyte, a record stable cycling of more than 200 cycles are demonstrated with > 80% capacity retention. This is the first time demonstration of high-energy Li metal cells with long-term stable cycling.