System and Process for Aluminization of Metal-Containing Substrates
A system and method are detailed for aluminizing surfaces of metallic substrates, parts, and components with a protective alumina layer in-situ. Aluminum (Al) foil sandwiched between the metallic components and a refractory material when heated in an oxidizing gas under a compression load at a selected temperature forms the protective alumina coating on the surface of the metallic components. The alumina coating minimizes evaporation of volatile metals from the metallic substrates, parts, and components in assembled devices during operation at high temperature that can degrade performance.
ELECTROLYTE FOR BATTERIES WITH REGENERATIVE SOLID ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE
An energy storage device comprising: an anode; and a solute-containing electrolyte composition wherein the solute concentration in the electrolyte composition is sufficiently high to form a regenerative solid electrolyte interface layer on a surface of the anode only during charging of the energy storage device, wherein the regenerative layer comprises at least one solute or solvated solute from the electrolyte composition.
ELECTRIC POWER GRID CONTROL USING A MARKET-BASED RESOURCE ALLOCATION SYSTEM
Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for distributing a resource (such as electricity) using a resource allocation system. In one exemplary embodiment, a plurality of requests for electricity are received from a plurality of end-use consumers. The requests indicate a requested quantity of electricity and a consumer-requested index value indicative of a maximum price a respective end-use consumer will pay for the requested quantity of electricity. A plurality of offers for supplying electricity are received from a plurality of resource suppliers. The offers indicate an offered quantity of electricity and a supplier-requested index value indicative of a minimum price for which a respective supplier will produce the offered quantity of electricity. A dispatched index value is computed at which electricity is to be supplied based at least in part on the consumer-requested index values and the supplier-requested index values.
NHANCED CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION IN ASPERGILLUS WITH INACTIVATED ASPARAGINE-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION PROTEIN 3 (ALG3), AND/OR INCREASED LAEA EXPRESSION
Provided herein are fungi, such as Aspergillus niger, having a dolichyl-P-Man:Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichyl mannosyltransferase (Alg3) gene genetic inactivation, increased expression of a loss of aflR expression A (Lae), or both. In some examples, such mutants have several phenotypes, including an increased production of citric acid relative to the parental strain. Methods of using the disclosed fungi to make citric acid are also provided, as are compositions and kits including the disclosed fungi.
Magnesium-Based Energy Storage Systems and Methods Having Improved Electrolytes
Electrolytes for Mg-based energy storage devices can be formed from non-nucleophilic Mg2+ sources to provide outstanding electrochemical performance and improved electrophilic susceptibility compared to electrolytes employing nucleophilic sources. The instant electrolytes are characterized by high oxidation stability (up to 3.4 V vs Mg), improved electrophile compatibility and electrochemical reversibility (up to 100% coulombic efficiency). Synthesis of the Mg2+ electrolytes utilizes inexpensive and safe magnesium dihalides as non-nucleophilic Mg2+ sources in combination with Lewis acids, MRaX3-a (for 3≧a≧1). Furthermore, addition of free-halide-anion donors can improve the coulombic efficiency of Mg electrolytes from nucleophilic or non-nucleophilic Mg2+ sources.
LITHIUM COMPENSATION FOR FULL CELL OPERATION
Disclosed herein are embodiments of a lithium-ion battery system comprising an anode, an anode current collector, and a layer of lithium metal in contact with the current collector, but not in contact with the anode. The lithium compensation layer dissolves into the electrolyte to compensate for the loss of lithium ions during usage of the full cell. The specific placement of the lithium compensation layer, such that there is no direct physical contact between the lithium compensation layer and the anode, provides certain advantages.
METHOD EMBODIMENTS FOR PARTIAL HYDROGENATION OF CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS TO PRODUCE JET FUEL BLENDSTOCK (iEdison No. 0685901-21-0031)
Developing sustainable aviation fuel production technologies is critical to decarbonizing the aviation industry. However, the chemical requirements for 'drop-in" sustainable fuels (i.e. fuels which do not need to be blended with petroleum-based fuels to be compatible with modern aviation engines) are stringent. One particular barrier to implementing current sustainable aviation fuels is incompatibility of these fuels with o-rings present in aviation systems. Conventional aviation o-rings are designed to swell during operation to provide adequate sealing. This swelling occurs due to a high concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in conventional petroleum derived fuels. The vast majority of sustainable aviation fuel production technologies do not produce significant amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons, imposing a significant hurdle to producing true drop-in fuels. Aromatic compounds present in conventional fuels also cause soot formation during combustion, imposing an environmental need to reduce the amount of aromatics present in fuels. It has been shown in recent literature that partially saturated cyclic hydrocarbons possess seal swelling characteristics similar to aromatic compounds but also form less soot than aromatic hydrocarbons; making these compounds an excellent replacement for aromatics in sustainable fuels if synthetic routes for their production are derived. We demonstrate a potential route to produce partially saturated cyclic compounds for bio-based fuel blend stocks by partial hydrogenation of terpenes, which are commonly produced bio-intermediates. %MCEPASTEBIN%
Iron-Sulfide Redox Flow Batteries
A novel iron-polysulfide based redox flow battery system (Fe-S) is developed for energy storage applications. This system employs alkali metal ferricyanide/ferrocyanide and alkali metal polysulfide as the redox electrolytes. When proper electrodes, such as pretreated graphite felts, are used, over 75% energy efficiency and at least 93% charge efficiency can be retained with good stability over 50 charge-discharge cycles. The remarkable advantages of this system over the current state-of-the-art redox flow batteries include: 1) very low capital cost of materials (about $70/kWh for redox electrolytes); 2) less corrosive redox solutions used and relatively environmentally benign; 3) excellent energy and utilization efficiencies.
METHODS AND APPARATUS OF ANALYZING ELECTRICAL POWER GRID DATA
This software is a framework for performing scalable data analysis over large-scale power grid data sets. The framework consists of a statistical analysis package, such as R, running in a robust parallel environment, such as over a Hadoop cluster. This analysis package is used to define rules that identify subsets of data of interest, for example bad data or data indicating events of interest. These rules can be combined in arbitrary ways, for example multiple rules may be required to remove all erroneous data from the original data set. These rules can also be translated to a more efficient encoding, such as a Java program. When events of interest are identified, they are classified within known event types, and the collection of event metadata and underlying data references are stored in a relational database. These higher level metadata descriptions of the events can then be used to quickly respond to queries from either users or other applications, or this information can be displayed in a visual format. This framework provides a unique ability to perform analysis over complete large-scale power grid data sets, such as the PMU or FFT data being generated by smartgrid deployments, as opposed to most traditional analysis techniques that operate over a subset of the data. This enables a more complete data analysis. We have used this framework to identify novel rules that identify erroneous data in PMU data sets. We have also developed rules for identifying events of interest such as generator trips and islanding events.