Search Systems and Computer-Implemented Search Methods
Search systems and computer-implemented search methods are described. In one aspect, a search system includes a communications interface configured to access a plurality of data items of a collection, wherein the data items include a plurality of image objects individually comprising image data utilized to generate an image of the respective data item. The search system may include processing circuitry coupled with the communications interface and configured to process the image data of the data items of the collection to identify a plurality of image content facets which are indicative of image content contained within the images and to associate the image objects with the image content facets and a display coupled with the processing circuitry and configured to depict the image objects associated with the image content facets.
SEALED MAGIC ANGLE SPINNING NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE PROBE AND PROCESS FOR SPECTROSCOPY OF HAZARDOUS SAMPLES
This invention is a magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe with a unique sealed and filtered sample compartment. The modular two-layer compartment was conceived to ensure secure, efficient containment of hazardous samples while preserving convenience of operation and state-of-the-art NMR performance. High resolution NMR experiments on solid samples typically require the flow of large volumes of gas at high pressures (> 50 psi) to spin rotors containing the sample. Under conditions of high gas flow, dispersal of a hazardous sample can occur through leaks or failure of the rotor. The containment system described here allows high pressure gas to flow into the compartment to spin the sample, while providing a securely filtered exit port to vent the gas. Even in the event of a failure of the rotor, such a compartment will prevent the dispersal of sample outside the containment area. The modular design allows the sample compartment to be separated from the rest of the probe for convenient cleanup, disposal, or contamination checks. In addition to its protective function, the sealed compartment can also be used to maintain a sample in an inert atmosphere during MAS NMR experiments. This is in contrast to standard MAS NMR probes, which are usually well ventilated and open to the atmosphere in order to allow the free flow of gases.
High-Pressure, High-Temperature Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Devices and Processes for Making and Using Same
Re-usable ceramic magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR rotors constructed of high-mechanic strength ceramics are detailed that include a sample compartment that maintains high pressures up to at least about 200 atmospheres (atm) and high temperatures up to about least about 300° C. during operation. The rotor designs minimize pressure losses stemming from penetration over an extended period of time. The present invention makes possible a variety of in-situ high pressure, high temperature MAS NMR experiments not previously achieved in the prior art.
MACHINE LEARNING MODEL EXPLANATION APPARATUS AND METHODS
Our invention is a generalizable approach for understanding machine learning models using the model inputs and outputs only. We leverage topological data analysis (TDA), which is a new field for understanding complex high dimensional data by simplifying it into human understandable shapes capturing the most salient structures in the data. Our analysis approach builds on the 'Mapper" technique in a novel way by designing a cover specifically for machine learning predictions. This cover scheme substantially differentiates our approach from the existing Mapper algorithm. This allows us to overcome the scalability limitations of Mapper, which require the cover to be low dimensional. While our approach is tailored specifically towards machine learning applications, it scales to many dimensions, i.e., prediction classes. Additionally, we developed an analysis approach called 'escape routes" to explain relationships between different regions in the topological space defined model predictions.
COMPRESSIVE SCANNING SPECTROSCOPY
Mask-modulated spectra are incident to a sensor and are summed during a frame time. After the frame time, a compressed spectrum is read out based on the sum and decompressed to obtain spectra for some or all specimen locations. The mask-modulated spectrum that are summed are associated with different modulations produced by a common mask.
FEATURE IDENTIFICATION OR CLASSIFICATION USING TASK-SPECIFIC METADATA
Innovations in the identification or classification of features in a data set are described, such as a data set representing measurements taken by a scientific instrument. For example, a task-specific processing component, such as a video encoder, is used to generate task-specific metadata. When the data set includes video frames, metadata can include information regarding motion of image elements between frames, or other differences between frames. A feature of the data set, such as an event, can be identified or classified based on the metadata. For example, an event can be identified when metadata for one or more elements of the data set exceed one or more threshold values. When the feature is identified or classified, an output, such as a display or notification, can be generated. Although the metadata may be useable to generate a task-specific output, such as compressed video data, the identifying or classifying is not used solely in production of, or the creation of an association with, the task-specific output.
SNAP-IN BUSHINGS AND PROCESS FOR HIGH-PRESSURE AND/OR HIGH TEMPERATURE MAGIC ANGLE SPINNING NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Snap-in bushings are disclosed that enable sealing of sample chambers in MAS-NMR rotors for high pressure and/or high temperature operation that enhance pressure limits up to about 400 bar and temperature limits up to at least about 250.degree. C.
Search systems and computer-implemented search methods
Search systems and computer-implemented search methods are described. In one aspect, a search system includes a communications interface configured to access a plurality of data items of a collection, wherein the data items include a plurality of image objects individually comprising image data utilized to generate an image of the respective data item. The search system may include processing circuitry coupled with the communications interface and configured to process the image data of the data items of the collection to identify a plurality of image content facets which are indicative of image content contained within the images and to associate the image objects with the image content facets and a display coupled with the processing circuitry and configured to depict the image objects associated with the image content facets.
COMPRESSIVE TRANSMISSION MICROSCOPY
Transmission microscopy imaging systems include a mask and/or other modulator situated to encode image beams, e.g., by deflecting the image beam with respect to the mask and/or sensor. The beam is modulated/masked either before or after transmission through a sample to induce a spatially and/or temporally encoded signal by modifying any of the beam/image components including the phase/coherence, intensity, or position of the beam at the sensor. For example, a mask can be placed/translated through the beam so that several masked beams are received by a sensor during a single sensor integration time. Images associated with multiple mask displacements are then used to reconstruct a video sequence using a compressive sensing method. Another example of masked modulation involves a mechanism for phase-retrieval, whereby the beam is modulated by a set of different masks in the image plane and each masked image is recorded in the diffraction plane.
FEATURE IDENTIFICATION OR CLASSIFICATION USING TASK-SPECIFIC METADATA
Innovations in the identification or classification of features in a data set are described, such as a data set representing measurements taken by a scientific instrument. For example, a task-specific processing component, such as a video encoder, is used to generate task-specific metadata. When the data set includes video frames, metadata can include information regarding motion of image elements between frames, or other differences between frames. A feature of the data set, such as an event, can be identified or classified based on the metadata. For example, an event can be identified when metadata for one or more elements of the data set exceed one or more threshold values. When the feature is identified or classified, an output, such as a display or notification, can be generated. Although the metadata may be useable to generate a task-specific output, such as compressed video data, the identifying or classifying is not used solely in production of, or the creation of an association with, the task-specific output.