Two PNNL Staff Receive Clean Energy Education and Empowerment Awards
PNNL Chief Diversity Officer and Director for STEM Education and PNNL Battery Materials and System group leader will receive Clean Energy Education and Empowerment (C3E) awards at the 2023 C3E Women in Clean Energy Symposium.
Signal Transmitter and Methods for Transmitting Signals from Animals
Injectable transmitters are provided that can include a body with the body housing a power source and an oscillator, the injectable transmitter also including an antenna extending from the body, the body and antenna being of sufficient size to be injected through a 9 gauge needle. Radio frequency transmitters are provided that can include a body extending from a nose to a tail with the body housing a power source and RF signal generator components. The power source of the transmitter can define at least a portion of the nose of the body. The transmitters can have an antenna extending from the tail. Methods for attaching a radio frequency (RF) transmitter to an animal are provided. The methods can include providing an RF transmitter and providing an injection device having a needle of gauge of 9 or smaller; providing the RF transmitter into the injection device; and providing the RF transmitter through the 9 gauge or smaller needle and into the animal.
Methods for Attaching Transmitters to Animals
Injectable transmitters are provided that can include a body with the body housing a power source and an oscillator, the injectable transmitter also including an antenna extending from the body, the body and antenna being of sufficient size to be injected through a 9 gauge needle. Radio frequency transmitters are provided that can include a body extending from a nose to a tail with the body housing a power source and RF signal generator components. The power source of the transmitter can define at least a portion of the nose of the body. The transmitters can have an antenna extending from the tail. Methods for attaching a radio frequency (RF) transmitter to an animal are provided. The methods can include providing an RF transmitter and providing an injection device having a needle of gauge of 9 or smaller; providing the RF transmitter into the injection device; and providing the RF transmitter through the 9 gauge or smaller needle and into the animal.
Methods for Attaching Transmitters to Animals
Injectable transmitters are provided that can include a body with the body housing a power source and an oscillator, the injectable transmitter also including an antenna extending from the body, the body and antenna being of sufficient size to be injected through a 9 gauge needle. Radio frequency transmitters are provided that can include a body extending from a nose to a tail with the body housing a power source and RF signal generator components. The power source of the transmitter can define at least a portion of the nose of the body. The transmitters can have an antenna extending from the tail. Methods for attaching a radio frequency (RF) transmitter to an animal are provided. The methods can include providing an RF transmitter and providing an injection device having a needle of gauge of 9 or smaller; providing the RF transmitter into the injection device; and providing the RF transmitter through the 9 gauge or smaller needle and into the animal.
Emissions Cause Delay in Rainfall
Rising greenhouse gases and declining aerosols have triggered an approximate four-day delay in rainfall over tropical land and the Sahel.
CARBON DIOXIDE ENHANCED HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION (iEdison No. 0685901-22-0241)
The invention is injecting carbon dioxide into hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in order to increase biocrude product yield and/or decrease byproduct yield. 1) Injection of carbon dioxide into a hydrothermal liquefaction process including, but not limited to In the feeding section And/or the preheating section And/or the reactor section And/or the product handling and collection section 2) The carbon dioxide is optionally obtained from the waste product gas from an HTL process This invention improves product yield, reduces byproduct yield, and may enhance operation of HTL when carbon dioxide is injected into one or more unit operations into an HTL process. As a source of CO2 is available from the HTL process byproduct gas, it can be easily collected, recompressed, and injected into the HTL system at various locations. As the CO2 is captured from the HTL process, this also enables simple recovery/recycle of the injected carbon dioxide as a normal function of HTL. This recovery may also be used to capture carbon dioxide in order to reduce atmospheric emission.
Human-Generated Compounds Spur Particle Formation over Southern Great Plains
Atmospheric aerosol particles modulate climate and the Earth’s energy balance by scattering and absorbing sunlight. They also seed clouds, acting as cloud condensation nuclei.
Wu Receives Outstanding Contribution Award
Earth Scientist Mingxuan Wu was recognized with an Outstanding Contribution Award for his work on nitrate aerosol modeling in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model.
Amazon Rainforest Foliage Gases Affect the Earth’s Atmosphere
PNNL researchers have uncovered a plant-derived process that leads to the formation of aerosol particles over the Amazon rainforest and potentially other forested parts of the world.
TOROIDAL MULTIPASS ABSORPTION DEVICE
U.S. Patent No. 7,876,443 and references therein discloses a method of creating a multipass cell having a toroidal configuration in which light is injected into the cavity via a hole or penetration into the wall of the reflective toroidal surface. Subsequent to this, a similar cavity is described in the scientific literature that provides additional design guidance for constructing a typical cell.[i],[ii] Both of the referenced papers also describe an absorbing mask that is placed against the cell wall to suppress unwanted reflections which the authors state contribute to coherent noise, often referred to as 'fringing" as the main laser beam interferes with stray reflections that can occur if the launch angle into the cell does not adhere to the value determined by the design equations. These interference patterns contribute noise to the desired signal and degrade the instrument's sensitivity. We disclose an alternate method of injecting light into a toroidal multipass cell using a small mirror (either plane or with optical power) affixed to the wall of the cell in place of a hole or penetration. This approach simplifies construction and offers a path to reduced construction costs and potential replication methods such as casting, injection molding, 3D printing, electroforming or metal spinning. [i] B. Tuzson, M. Mangold, H. Looser, A. Manninen, and L. Emmenegger, 'Compact multipass optical cell for laser spectroscopy", Opt. Lett., Vol 38 (3), 257-259 (2013) [ii] M. Mangold, B. Tuzson, M. Hundt, J. Jagerska, H. Looser, and L. Emmenegger, 'Circular paraboloid reflection cell for laser spectroscopic gas analysis", JOSA A, Vol. 33 (5), 913-919 (2016). U.S. Patent No. 7,876,443 and references therein discloses a method of creating a multipass cell having a toroidal configuration in which light is injected into the cavity via a hole or penetration into the wall of the reflective toroidal surface. Subsequent to this, a similar cavity is described in the scientific literature that provides additional design guidance for constructing a typical cell.[i],[ii] Both of the referenced papers also describe an absorbing mask that is placed against the cell wall to suppress unwanted reflections which the authors state contribute to coherent noise, often referred to as 'fringing" as the main laser beam interferes with stray reflections that can occur if the launch angle into the cell does not adhere to the value determined by the design equations. These interference patterns contribute noise to the desired signal and degrade the instrument's sensitivity. We disclose an alternate method of injecting light into a toroidal multipass cell using a small mirror (either plane or with optical power) affixed to the wall of the cell in place of a hole or penetration. This approach simplifies construction and offers a path to reduced construction costs and potential replication methods such as casting, injection molding, 3D printing, electroforming or metal spinning. [i] B. Tuzson, M. Mangold, H. Looser, A. Manninen, and L. Emmenegger, 'Compact multipass optical cell for laser spectroscopy", Opt. Lett., Vol 38 (3), 257-259 (2013) [ii] M. Mangold, B. Tuzson, M. Hundt, J. Jagerska, H. Looser, and L. Emmenegger, 'Circular paraboloid reflection cell for laser spectroscopic gas analysis", JOSA A, Vol. 33 (5), 913-919 (2016).