May 24, 2017
News Release

Scientists Focus on 'Guardian of the Genome' to Understand Preterm Births

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PNNL scientists are unraveling the molecular cascade involved in preterm birth.
 

Scientists have gotten a better look at the effects of a gene known as the "guardian of the genome" in causing premature births and miscarriages.

Trp53 is a well-known tumor suppressor gene that maintains genomic stability under normal conditions. But when the gene is changed or mutated, the resulting protein can contribute to cancer progression and wreak havoc in other ways.

A team of scientists led by corresponding author Kristin Burnum-Johnson at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has traced some of the steps that occur in lab mice in which the gene is not active in the uterus. The team found that molecules called lipids that are crucial for proper cell signaling and others functions are changed during early pregnancy. Those are among the first changes that happen in preterm labor — a term that encompasses both miscarriages and premature births. Each year, an estimated 15 million babies are born prematurely worldwide, according to the World Health Organization, and every day there are more than 7,000 stillbirths.

Now Burnum-Johnson's team is exploring the molecular factors that cause one form of infertility. The team is analyzing the normal signaling or "crosstalk" that takes place between uterine cells and the embryonic structure called a blastocyst that will ultimately give rise to baby and placenta. The team is using a sophisticated form of mass spectrometry imaging to identify which lipids are at play when the blastocyst does not implant properly — one of the most common causes of a failure to conceive.

The mass spectrometry measurements were done at EMSL, the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a DOE Office of Science user facility located at PNNL. More information about the study is available in this PNNL article.

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About PNNL

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory draws on its distinguishing strengths in chemistry, Earth sciences, biology and data science to advance scientific knowledge and address challenges in energy resiliency and national security. Founded in 1965, PNNL is operated by Battelle and supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, visit the DOE Office of Science website. For more information on PNNL, visit PNNL's News Center. Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and Instagram.

Published: May 24, 2017