Tests show which low-cost 3D method best matches field measurements to minimize errors in mapping headwaters.

Amine functionalized graphene oxide yields laminates with an enhanced capacity to adsorb rare earth elements, improved water transport, and greater stability for effective membrane-based separation of critical minerals.

Replacing commercial acid with acidic waste enables researchers to improve nickel extraction efficiency, lower projected costs, and improve process economics.

Localized gradients in magnetic fields have long-range effects on the concentration of rare earth ions in solution, facilitating field-driven extraction of critical minerals.

Studying a series of rare earth element compounds revealed differences in their magnetic behavior that will be leveraged for separations.

Soil mineral preferentially incorporates rare earth elements based on size, with implications for critical mineral extraction.

PNNL researchers have developed a new class of chemistry focused on carbon capture technology and made incremental strides in driving down costs.

Pacific Northwest marsh carbon stocks are twice the global average. Long-term sea-level rise impacts will likely decrease ecosystem carbon stocks.