A new report, based on a community workshop and literature review, summarizes some of the biggest challenges in understanding and modeling Earth system and human–Earth system dynamics in the Puget Sound region of Washington State.

Improving a snow albedo model to account for non-spherical snow grain shapes and the mixing of dust inside snowflakes in an Earth system model.

Building new climate outcome scenarios by stitching together pieces of existing ones.

Researchers found that specific landscape metrics consistently outperform traditional population downscaling methods.

The flux of carbon dioxide from forest soil may acclimate to some aspects of climate change.

Identifying links between large-scale and local-scale model biases in tropical precipitation.

A systematic, multiple scenario approach was used to analyze the compounding impacts of demands for land for biofuels with increased land scarcity under a diverse set of uncertainties.

Interactive freshwater flux works to prolong density anomalies over deep water formation areas in the North Atlantic.

A collaborative effort led by PNNL researchers analyzed decarbonization pathways for Argentina, Chile, Egypt, Indonesia, and Nigeria.

rmap enables users with limited to no geographic information system knowledge use R to visualize simple tabular data.

The methods researchers use to estimate crop yield gaps determines the location of projected future agricultural “breadbasket” regions.

Interactions between fronts and the land-sea breeze lead to strong vertical exchange in the northern Gulf of Mexico.

Data-driven experiments can help determine best practices for Random Forest machine learning to predict water quality, particularly nitrate levels.

When wildfires burn in the west, the heat and airborne particles they release inflict stronger rain and larger hail upon central states.

Evaluating the relative roles of soil water stress and vapor pressure deficit at limiting canopy conductance in coupled land-atmosphere simulations.

Understanding why the westerly jets shift poleward in certain seasons and regions but equatorward in others under global warming.

PNNL joint appointee Auroop Ganguly uses data science to study the impacts of climate change.

Secondary organic aerosol formation from monoterpenes is more strongly influenced by oxidant and monoterpene structure than by nitric oxides and hydroperoxy radical concentrations.

Across the United States, water moving between the river and riverbed sediments does not overcome localized processes that govern organic matter chemistry.

Two case studies of clouds evolving over the Arctic provide data that will help researchers evaluate cloud simulations.