Exascale computing enables processing at unprecedented speed and scale, advancing scientific research, AI, and complex problem-solving abilities.

Fish passage refers to the ability to effectively and efficiently allow fish to move through a water system, including successfully navigating human-made structures like dams and culverts, which can impede their journey.

Quantum information science studies quantum mechanics to advance computing, secure communication, and solve challenges beyond classical systems.

Export controls regulate the trade of sensitive goods, technologies, and information to protect national security and support compliance with global trade laws.