Lack of situational awareness has been identified as one of root causes for the August 14, 2003 Northeast Blackout in North America. To improve situational awareness, the Department of Energy (DOE) launched several projects to deploy Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) in different interconnections. Compared to the tens of thousands of buses, the number of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is quite limited and not enough to achieve the observability for the whole interconnections. To utilize the limited number of PMU measurements to improve situational awareness, this paper proposes to combine PMU measurement data and power flow equations to form a hybrid power flow model. Technically, a model which combines the concept of observable islands and modeling of power flow conditions, is proposed. The model is called a Hybrid Power Flow Model as it has both PMU measurements and simulation assumptions, which describes prior knowledge available about whole power systems. By solving the hybrid power flow equations, the proposed method can be used to derive power system states to improve the situational awareness of a power grid.
Revised: October 25, 2006 |
Published: September 30, 2006
Citation
Zhou N., Z. Huang, J. Nieplocha, and T.B. Nguyen. 2006.Wide-Area Situational Awareness of Power Grids with Limited Phasor Measurements. In Third International Conference on Critical Infrastructures, Alexandria, VA, September 24 to 27, 2006. Blacksburg, Virginia:International Institute for Critical Infrstructures.PNNL-SA-49658.