PNNL

Abstract

We describe an ultrasensitive voltammetric detection of trace heavy metal ions using nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs) that are based on low-site density carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The NEAs were prepared by sealing the side-walls of CNTs with an epoxy passive layer that reduces the current leakage and eliminates the electrode capacitance, leading to a low background current. This provides a high signal-to-noise ratio. The CNTs-NEAs coated with a bismuth film were used successfully for voltammetric detection of trace cadmium and lead (II) at the sub-ppb level. The detection limit of 0.04 ?g/L was obtained under optimum experimental conditions. The attractive behavior of the new carbon NEA sensing platform holds great promise for onsite environmental monitoring and biomonitoring of toxic metals.