Sulfate segregation significantly increases the cost for vitrifying low-activity waste (LAW) and, therefore, is a major concern in vitrifying sulfate-rich LAWs. The fraction of sulfate that is not dissolved during early stages of melting is transported in gas bubbles to the glass surface, where it remains segregated. Tests with crucible melts and runs of experimental melters of various scales indicate that the physicochemical makeup of an LAW feed, LAW glass formulation, and melter design and operation can be optimized to increase SO3 retention in glass.
Revised: July 22, 2010 |
Published: September 9, 2004
Citation
Hrma P.R., J.D. Vienna, W.C. Buchmiller, and J.S. Ricklefs. 2004.SULFATE RETENTION DURING WASTE GLASS MELTING.Solid State Technology: The International Magazine for Semiconductor Manufacturing. 155. PNWD-SA-6652.