PNNL

Abstract

This literature review delves into the intricate interplay between soil moisture and carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions (CS-GHG). Acknowledging the critical role of carbon sequestration in reducing atmospheric CO2 and its unintended consequences on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions, this review synthesizes current knowledge on how soil moisture influences key mechanisms such as plant photosynthesis and respiration, soil microbial activity, and soil organic matter decomposition and stabilization, emphasizing their interdependence and impact on CS-GHG. An in-depth analysis is provided on the effects of soil moisture on carbon sequestration and GHG emissions across various ecosystems and climatic conditions. The review also discusses CS-GHG-related models, highlighting their strengths and limitations. It examines the impact of future climate-induced droughts and floods on carbon sequestration and soil moisture. Sustainable soil moisture-related land management practices are evaluated. Finally, the importance of integrating soil moisture considerations into climate mitigation policies is highlighted, along with future research directions to address knowledge gaps. By synthesizing current knowledge and providing comprehensive insights, this review aims to inform researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in developing effective soil moisture-related strategies for enhancing soil carbon storage and mitigating climate change.