PNNL

Abstract

An in-situ measurement setup to determine the chemical composition of aerosols as a function of hygroscopicity is presented. This has been done by connecting a custom-built Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (HTDMA) and an Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS), commercially available from TSI (Model 3800). Single particle bipolar mass spectra from aerosols leaving the HTDMA could thus be obtained as a function of the hygroscopic growth factor. For these studies the HTDMA was set at a relative humidity of 82% and particles with a dry diameter of 260 nm were selected. The setup was first laboratory tested after which field experiments were performed. Two datasets were obtained during wintertime 2007 in Switzerland: the first in the urban Zurich environment and the other at the remote high alpine research station Jungfraujoch (JFJ). In Zurich several thousand mass spectra were obtained in less than two days of sampling due to a high aerosol loading. At the JFJ, due to low particle concentrations in free tropospheric airmasses, a longer sampling period was required. Both in Zurich and at the JFJ two different growth factor modes were observed. Results from these two locations show that most aerosol particles were a mixture of several compounds. A large contribution of organics and combustion species was found in the less hygroscopic growth mode for both locations. Non-combustion refractory material (e.g. metals, mineral dust, and fly ash) was also highly enhanced in the non-hygroscopic particles. Sulfate, normally considered highly soluble, was found to be a constituent in almost all particles independent of their hygroscopic growth factor.