PNNL

Abstract

Although heterogeneous chemistry on surfaces in the troposphere is known to be important, there currently only a few techniques available for studying the nature of surface-adsorbed species as well as their chemistry and photochemistry under atmospheric conditions of 1 atm pressure and in the presence of water vapor. We report here a new laboratory approach using a combination of long path FTIR to identify gases and attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR that allows the simultaneous observation and quantification of gases and surface species. Theory is used to identify the surface-adsorbed intermediates and products, and to quantify their relative concentrations. At intermediate relative humidities typical of the tropospheric boundary layer, the nitric acid formed in the NO2 heterogeneous hydrolysis is shown to exist as both nitrate ions from the dissociation of nitric acid formed on the surface, and as molecular nitric acid. In both cases, the ions and HNO3 are complexed to water molecules. Upon pumping, water is selectively removed, shifting the NO3- - HNO3(H2O)y equilibria towards more dehydrated forms of HNO3. Photolysis of the nitric acid-water film using 300 - 400 nm radiation generates gaseous NO, while photolysis at 254 nm generates both NO and HONO, resulting in conversion of surface-adsorbed nitrogen oxides into photochemically active NOx. This suggests that the assumption that deposition or formation of nitric acid provides a permanent removal mechanism from the atmosphere may not be correct. Furthermore, a potential role of surface-adsorbed nitric acid and other species formed during the heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2 on the oxidation of organics on surfaces, and on the generation of gas phase HONO on local to global scales, should be considered.