PNNL

Abstract

Biomolecular self-assembly is a precise, and adaptable bottom-up approach of synthesizing structures that exhibit order across scales. The diverse functions of these hierarchical materials inspire materials development for numerous applications in energy, health, environment, sustainability and information technology. The dynamics of assembly and the evolution of structure reflect the underlying energy landscape and the mechanism by which it is traversed. However, only recently has biomolecular self-assembly been directly observed by in situ approaches, such as X-ray scattering, fluorescent microscopy, high-speed atomic force microscopy etc., at the spatial and temporal resolution required to define design rules for such materials. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the most recent understandings of biomolecular assembly mechanisms based on in situ characterization, and the encouraging and exciting achievements of assembly-based biomolecular materials attained with this new knowledge. In addition, we will also introduce the current frontiers of biomolecular self-assembly boosted by emerging cutting-edge methods and philosophy. Thus, this review is a timely vehicle for accelerating the development of in situ techniques for biomolecular self-assembly characterization, and for inspiring the design of the next generation of biomolecular and bioinspired materials.