PNNL

Abstract

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has the ability to penetrate living tissues without causing significant damage. Of foremost importance to our understanding of the possible functions of DMSO in biological systems is its ability to replace some of the water molecules associated with the cellular constituents, or to affect the structure of the omnipresent water. Luminescence probes have been widely used for biological studies such as labeling, imaging and detection. Luminescence probes formed in DMSO may find new applications. Here, luminescence compounds formed by refluxing lanthanide nitrates of Ce, La, Tb, Yb, Nd, Gd and Eu in DMSO are reported and their luminescence properties investigated. Based on their luminescence spectral properties, the compounds can be classified into four classes. For compounds-I with Yb, Ce, and La, the excitation and emission spectra are very broad and their excitation or emission peaks are shifted to longer wavelengths when the monitored emission or excitation wavelength is longer . For compounds-II with Gd and Nd, both the excitation and emission spectra are very broad but their emission wavelengths change little at different excitation wavelengths. For Tb-DMSO as compound-III, both the typical emissions from the f - f transitions of Tb3+ and a broad emission at 445 nm are observed. At low temperatures of reaction, the f - f emissions are dominant, while at high temperatures such as 180 oC of reaction, the broad emission at 445 nm is dominant. For compound-IV with Eu-DMSO compounds, the dominant emissions are from the f - f transitions of Eu3+ and only a weak broad emission is observed, which is likely from the d - f transition of Eu2+ rather than from the metal to ligand charge transfer states.