Viscosity was measured for six types of commercial glasses: low-expansion-borosilicate glasses, E glasses, fiberglass wool glasses, TV panel glasses, container glasses, and float glasses. Viscosity data were obtained with rotating spindle viscometers within the temperature range between 900°C and 1550°C; the viscosity varied from 1 Pa·s to 750 Pa·s. Arrhenius coefficients were calculated for individual glasses and linear models were applied to relate them to the mass fractions of 11 major components (SiO2, CaO, Na2O, Al2O3, B2O3, BaO, SrO, K2O, MgO, PbO, and ZrO2) and 12 minor components (Fe2O3, ZnO, Li2O, TiO2, CeO2, F, Sb2O3, Cr2O3, As2O3, MnO2, SO3, and Co3O4). The models are recommended for glasses containing 42 to 84 mass% SiO2 to estimate viscosities or temperatures at a constant viscosity for melts within both the temperature range from 1100°C to 1550°C and viscosity range from 10 to 400 Pa?s.
Revised: August 6, 2010 |
Published: January 1, 2005
Citation
Hrma P.R., C.A. See, O.P. Lam, and K.B. Minister. 2005.High-Temperature Viscosity Of Commercial Glasses. In High Temperature Glass Melt Property Database for Process Modeling, edited by TP Seward, III & T Vascott. Westerville, Ohio:American Ceramic Society.PNNL-SA-43405.