PNNL

Abstract

As power distribution systems evolve in complexity and scale, the coordination and control of distributed energy resources (DERs), intelligent devices, and agents become increasingly challenging. Distribution utilities are investing in advanced distribution management systems (ADMSs) and distributed energy resource management systems (DERMSs) to enhance the reliability, resiliency, and efficiency of distribution systems. To accelerate the integration of advanced distribution technologies, standardizing the Application Programming Interface (API) for ADMS applications is crucial. This paper introduces a distributed application architecture within the GridAPPS-D platform, aiming to address the limitations of centralized architectures in terms of scalability, maintainability, and flexibility. The proposed architecture draws inspiration from the Laminar Coordination Framework and is validated through extensive engagement with stakeholders. Emphasizing extensibility, boundary deference, structural scalability, and securability, the layered framework is well-suited for large-scale distribution networks with diverse grid-edge devices and ownership structures. The contributions of this paper include a distributed layered architecture with defined distributed areas, a Common Information Model (CIM)-based standardized API for developing and deploying distributed applications (Distributed App API), and the design process and reference implementation of distributed services and applications. The software architecture, based on laminar coordination, combines centralized, distributed, and edge-control paradigms for effective distributed operations. The paper concludes with the extension of the centralized API in GridAPPS-D to distributed APIs for standards-based message exchange, emphasizing the need for scalable communication to coordinate diverse distributed agents. This work provides a foundation for advancing the field of distributed control in power distribution systems, supporting both centralized and distributed analytics and control arrangements.