We tested the effects of four alkaline fly ashes {Class C (sub-bituminous), Class F (bituminous), Class F [bituminous with flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) products], and Class F (lignitic)} on a reaction that simulates the enzyme-mediated formation of humic materials in soils. The presence of FGD products completely halted the reaction, and the bituminous ash showed no benefit over an ash-free control. The sub-bituminous and lignitic fly ashes, however, increased the amount of polymer formed by several-fold. The strong synergetic effect of these ashes when enzyme is present apparently arises from the combined effects of metal oxide co-oxidation (Fe and Mn oxides), alkaline pH, and physical stabilization of the enzyme (porous silica cenospheres).
Revised: June 4, 2010 |
Published: September 15, 2003
Citation
Amonette J.E., J. Kim, C.K. Russell, A.V. Palumbo, and W.L. Daniels. 2003.Fly Ash Amendments Catalyze Soil Carbon Sequestration. In Second Annual Conference on Carbon Sequestration. Alexandria, Virginia:U.S.Dept. of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory.PNNL-SA-38910.