Until recently, most planners at military installations
addressed energy systems for new facilities on an individual
facility basis without consideration of community-wide goals
relevant to energy sources, renewables, storage, or future
energy generation needs. Building retrofits of public buildings
typically do not address energy needs beyond the minimum
code requirements making it difficult, if not impossible, to
achieve community-level targets on a building-by-building
basis. Planning on the basis of cost and general reliability may
also fail to deliver community-level resilience. For example,
many building code requirements focus on hardening to
specific threats, but in a multi-building community, only a few
of these buildings may be mission-critical. Over the past two
decades, the frequency and duration of regional power outages
and water utility disruptions from weather, man-made events,
and aging infrastructure have increased. Major disruptions of
electric and thermal energy have degraded critical mission
capabilities and caused significant economic impacts. In 2016,
the U.S. Department of Defense issued guidance that each
Service (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines) complete comprehensive
energy plans for the installations that consumed 75%
of total building energy. Guidance was updated in 2017 to
include metrics for energy resilience, and in some cases, water.
This paper describes how community level quantitative and
qualitative resilience analysis and metrics have been incorporated
into community energy and water planning best practices
for military installations in three geographically diverse
locations. It is based on research performed under the International
Energy Agency’s “Energy in Buildings and Communities
Program Annex 73,” focusing on development of
guidelines and tools that support the planning of Net Zero
Energy Resilient Public Communities as well as research
performed under the Department of Defense Environmental
Security Technology Certification Program project EW18-D1-
5281, “Technologies Integration to Achieve Resilient, Low-
Energy Military Installations.” The first case study reviews
progress made on an energy and water planning study
conducted at Fort Bliss, Texas. The second and third describes
planning conducted at Fort Bragg, North Carolina and the
Joint Region Marianas, Guam, respectively, under the updated
guidance from 2017 regarding energy and water resilience.
Analysis methods, key metrics, and key infrastructure and
operational constraints are described, as well as technical,
economic and business concepts used during the planning
process.
Revised: November 17, 2020 |
Published: August 31, 2020
Citation
Urban A.B., E. Keysar, K.S. Judd, A. Srivastava, C. Thompson, M. Case, and A. Zhivov. 2020.Energy Master Planning for Resilient Public Communities—Best Practices from U.S. Military Installations. In 2020 ASHRAE Winter Conference, 126, 828-848.PNNL-SA-155965.