PNNL

Abstract

In mass spectrometry, the majority of processes used to convert the analyte of interest into a detectable ion signal serve unfortunately also to reduce the detectable fraction of analyte. This lack of efficiency manifests itself in all aspects of mass spectrometry, from sample introduction to analyte detection. In atomic mass spectrometry, for example, techniqnes snch as pneumatic nebulization and laser ablation, which are nsed to convert samples from liquids or solids into particles, have efficiencies on the order of 1-10%. In both of these techniqnes, large particles are not readily transported to the ionization source, and therefore carry a large fraction of analyte to waste. Some modifications can improve efficiency, such as the use of high-efficiency nebulizers and more energetic lasers to produce smaller particles; however, complete transport is difficult to achieve.