July 26, 2024
Journal Article
Detecting fractures and monitoring hydraulic fracturing processes at the first EGS Collab testbed using borehole DAS ambient noise
Abstract
Monitoring fractures is crucial for the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). The EGS Collab Project conducts 10-m-scale field experiments of hydraulic fracture stimulation using 50-60 m deep experimental wells at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. The first EGS Collab testbed is located at the 1616.67 m (4850 ft) depth at SURF and consists of one injection well, one production well, and six monitoring wells. All wells were drilled subhorizontally from a drift. The project uses a fiber optic cable extended continuously in the six monitoring wells to record distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data for monitoring hydraulic fracturing during stimulation. We analyze 60-s time records of the borehole DAS ambient noise data and compute the noise root-mean-squares (RMS) amplitude on each channel (points along the fiber cable) to obtain DAS ambient noise RMS amplitude depth profiles along the monitoring wells. Our noise RMS amplitude profiles show amplitude peaks at distinct depths. We compare the DAS noise RMS amplitude profiles with borehole core photos and core logs and find that the DAS noise RMS amplitude peaks correspond to the locations of fractures or lithological changes in the core photos or core logs. We then compute the hourly DAS noise RMS amplitude profiles in two monitoring wells during three stimulation cycles in 72 hours and find that the DAS noise RMS amplitude profiles vary with time, indicating the fracture opening/growth or closing during the hydraulic stimulation. Our results demonstrate that borehole DAS ambient noise can be used to detect fractures and monitor fracturing processes in EGS reservoirs.Published: July 26, 2024