The paper addresses design considerations for frequency responsive Grid FriendlyTM appliances (FR-GFAs). Case studies have been done based on the frequency data collected in 2003 in Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) systems. An FR-GFA can turn on/off based on frequency signals and make selective low-frequency load shedding possible at appliance level. FR-GFAs can also be treated as an spinning reserve to maintain a load-to-generation balance under power system normal operation states. The triggering frequency and duration of the FR-GFA device with different frequency setting schemes are simulated. Design considerations of the FR-GFA are then discussed based on simulation results.
Revised: February 5, 2009 |
Published: May 24, 2006
Citation
Lu N., and D.J. Hammerstrom. 2006.Design Considerations for Frequency Responsive Grid Friendly Appliances. In 2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, 21-24 May 2006, Dallas, TX, USA, 647-652. Piscataway, New Jersey:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.PNNL-SA-44892.