Chemist
Chemist

Biography

Scott Lea leads the Structural Biology team in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Division. In this role, he manages a group of 15-20 people with expertise in structural biology, cellular dynamics, gene expression, and bioimaging. He’s also Technical Group Leader and Capability Lead for Microscopy at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), and Lea has managed staff and microscopy capabilities for the EMSL User Program.

In all, Lea has more than 25 years of experience in research related to surface science and optical imaging. His primary focus areas are related to the development and application of scanning probe, optical, and surface science tools to study biomolecules at surfaces, organic-inorganic interfaces, and geochemical processes. His work has led to development of the world’s first high-pressure atomic force microscope that is capable of in-situ dynamic imaging of geochemical transformations in supercritical CO2. He also works on the development of a near-field infrared, near-field optical microscope for high spatial resolution chemical imaging, particularly under in-situ conditions. Lea is principal investigator for two bioimaging technologies projects, which are aimed at developing near-field and far-field multimodal imaging technologies for the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Biological Systems Science mission areas. These projects focus on understanding the metabolic connections in plant and microbial systems across scales. He has authored more than 60 peer reviewed publications.

Lea has served on review panels for various agencies, including as a member of the DOE Bioimaging Science Program, and has chaired DOE’s Biomolecular Characterization and Imaging Science and PNNL’s Electron Microscopy for Biological and Environmental and Energy Research Meetings. He also has been a member of the ISO-TC201/SC9 International Organization for Standardization Committee on Surface Chemical Analysis for Scanned Probe Microscopy and served as XPS and AES Subcommittee E42 Vice Chair on Surface Analysis.

Research Interest

  • Multimodal optical and spectral imaging of biosystems
  • Scanning probe microscopy technology
  • Surface science applied to the (bio)organic-inorganic interfaces
  • Geochemistry of carbonate and silicate minerals

Disciplines and Skills

  • Bioimaging
  • Instrumentation
  • Microscopy
  • Surface Science

Education

  • PhD in Bioengineering, University of Utah
  • ME in Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
  • BS in Biochemistry, Lehigh University

Affiliations and Professional Service

  • American Vacuum Society's Science and Technology Society
  • American Chemical Society
  • International Organization for Standardization
  • American Society for Testing and Materials International

Awards and Recognitions

  • Curtis C Johnson Outstanding Graduate Student
  • University of Utah Graduate Research Fellowship

Publications

2020

  • O'Callahan B.T., K. Park, I.V. Novikova, T. Jian, C. Chen, E.A. Muller, and P.Z. El-Khoury, et al. 2020. "In liquid infrared scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy for chemical and biological nanoimaging." Nano Letters 20, no. 6:4497-4504. PNNL-SA-152805. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01291

2019

  • O'Callahan B.T., M. Hentschel, M.B. Raschke, P.Z. El-Khoury, and A. Lea. 2019. "Ultrasensitive Tip- and Antenna-Enhanced Infrared Nanoscopy of Protein Complexes." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 123, no. 28:17505-17509. PNNL-SA-144661. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b05777

2018

  • Popel A., T.W. Wietsma, M.H. Engelhard, A. Lea, O. Qafoku, C. Grygiel, and I. Monnet, et al. 2018. "The Effect of Ion Irradiation on the Dissolution of UO2 and UO2-based Simulant Fuel." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 735. PNNL-SA-129551. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.216

2015

  • Zhong L., M.J. Truex, N. Kananizadeh, Y. Li, A.S. Lea, and X. Yan. 2015. "Delivery of Vegetable Oil Suspensions in a Shear Thinning Fluid for Enhanced Bioremediation." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 175-176. PNNL-SA-106469. doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.02.001

2013

  • Craig I.M., M.S. Taubman, A.S. Lea, M.C. Phillips, E.E. Josberger, and M.B. Raschke. 2013. "Infrared near-field spectroscopy of trace explosives using an external cavity quantum cascade laser." Optics Express 21, no. 25:30401-30414. PNNL-SA-97642. doi:10.1364/OE.21.030401

2012

  • Dimkpa C.O., J.E. McLean, D.W. Britt, W.P. Johnson, B.W. Arey, A.S. Lea, and A.J. Anderson. 2012. "Nanospecific Inhibition of Pyoverdine Siderophore Production in Pseudomonas Chlororaphis O6 by CuO Nanoparticles." Chemical Research in Toxicology 25, no. 5:1066-1074. PNNL-SA-81953. doi:10.1021/tx3000285

2011

  • Brown G.E., A. Chaka, D.K. Shuh, E.E. Roden, C.J. Werth, N.J. Hess, and A.R. Felmy, et al. 2011. EMSL Geochemistry, Biogeochemistry and Subsurface Science-Science Theme Advisory Panel Meeting. PNNL-20601. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. EMSL Geochemistry, Biogeochemistry and Subsurface Science-Science Theme Advisory Panel Meeting
  • Jiang W., J.S. McCloy, A.S. Lea, J.A. Sundararajan, Q. Yao, and Y. Qiang. 2011. "Magnetization and susceptibility of ion irradiated granular magnetite films." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter 83, no. 13:134435:1-8. PNNL-SA-76285. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.83.134435
  • Lea A.S., B.C. Kabius, B.W. Arey, L. Kovarik, C.M. Wang, G. Orr, and I. Lyubinetsky, et al. 2011. "Quietly Building Capabilities: New Instruments, Expertise, "Quiet Wing" Available at DOE User Facility." Microscopy Today 19, no. 5:48-53. PNNL-SA-81095. doi:10.1017/S1551929511000964
  • Lea A.S., S.R. Higgins, K.G. Knauss, and K.M. Rosso. 2011. "A high-pressure atomic force microscope for imaging in supercritical carbon dioxide." Review of Scientific Instruments 82, no. 4:Article No.: 043709. PNNL-SA-77820.

2010

  • Badireddy A.R., S. Chellam, P.L. Gassman, M.H. Engelhard, A.S. Lea, and K.M. Rosso. 2010. "Role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Bioflocculation of Activated Sludge Microorganisms under Glucose-Controlled Conditions." Water Research 44, no. 2010:4505-4516. PNNL-SA-66541. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.024
  • Baer D.R., A.S. Lea, J. Geller, J.S. Hammond, L. Kover, C.J. Powell, and M.P. Seah, et al. 2010. "Approaches to analyzing insulators with Auger Electron Spectroscopy: Update and Overview." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 176, no. 1-3, SP ISS:80-94. PNNL-SA-63941.
  • Baer D.R., M.H. Engelhard, A.S. Lea, P. Nachimuthu, T.C. Droubay, J. Kim, and B. Lee, et al. 2010. "Comparison of the Sputter Rates of Oxide Films Relative to the Sputter Rate of SiO2." Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A--Vacuum, Surfaces and Films 28, no. 5:1060-1072. PNNL-SA-67505. doi:10.1116/1.3456123
  • Lea A.S., K.R. Swanson, J.N. Haack, J.E. Castle, S.M. Tougaard, and D.R. Baer. 2010. "An Application for Near Real-time Analysis of XPS Data." Surface and Interface Analysis 42, no. 6-7:1061-1065. PNNL-SA-68239. doi:10.1002/sia.3304
  • Saraf L.V., D.R. Baer, A.S. Lea, Z. Zhu, J.J. Strohm, S.D. Sitzman, and D.L. King. 2010. "Bulk Migration of Ni/NiO in Ni-YSZ during Reducing Conditions." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 157, no. 4:B463-B469. PNNL-SA-64179. doi:10.1149/1.3298442
  • Tarasevich B.J., A.S. Lea, and W.J. Shaw. 2010. "The leucine rich amelogenin protein (LRAP) adsorbs as monomers or dimers onto surfaces." Journal of Structural Biology 169, no. 3:266-276. PNNL-SA-62449.

2009

  • Baer D.R., M.H. Engelhard, A.R. Felmy, J.J. Ford, J.Z. Hu, A.S. Lea, and P. Nachimuthu, et al. 2009. "New Approaches for Characterizing Sensor and Other Modern Complex Materials." ECS Transactions 19, no. 6:137-148. PNNL-SA-65017. doi:10.1149/1.3118546
  • Stadermann F.J., C. Floss, M.P. Bose, and A.S. Lea. 2009. "The Use of Auger Spectroscopy for the in situ Elemental Characterization of Sub-micrometer Presolar Grains." Meteoritics and Planetary Science 44, no. 7:1033-1049. PNNL-SA-62442.
  • Strohm J.J., D.L. King, L.V. Saraf, A.S. Lea, C.M. Wang, and P. Singh. 2009. "Influence of Reduction Pretreatment and Methane Reforming on Nickel Solubility in YSZ Grains and Nickel Sintering within Ni-YSZ SOFC Anode Materials." In Preprint Papers, American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry, The 238th ACS National Meeting, August 16-20, 2009, Washington, DC., FUEL 158. Washington, District Of Columbia:American Chemical Society. PNNL-SA-67016.
  • Tarasevich B.J., A.S. Lea, W. Bernt, M.H. Engelhard, and W.J. Shaw. 2009. "Adsorption of Amelogenin onto Self-Assembled and Fluoroapatite Surfaces." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 113, no. 7:1833-1842. PNNL-SA-62448.
  • Tarasevich B.J., A.S. Lea, W. Bernt, M.H. Engelhard, and W.J. Shaw. 2009. "Changes in the quaternary structure of amelogenin when adsorbed onto surfaces." Biopolymers 91, no. 2:103-107. PNNL-SA-59236. doi:10.1002/bip.21095
  • Zhu Z., P. Nachimuthu, and A.S. Lea. 2009. "Molecular Depth Profiling of Sucrose Films: A Comparative Study of C60n? Ions and Traditional Cs? and O2? Ions." Analytical Chemistry 81, no. 20:8272-8279. PNNL-SA-65186. doi:10.1021/ac900553z

2008

  • Badireddy A.R., B. Korpol, S. Chellam, P.L. Gassman, M.H. Engelhard, A.S. Lea, and K.M. Rosso. 2008. "Spectroscopic Characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens: Suppression using Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Bismuth Thiols." Biomacromolecules 9, no. 11:3079-3089. PNNL-SA-60712. doi:10.1021/bm800600p
  • Karagulian F., A.S. Lea, C.W. Dilbeck, and B.J. Finlayson-Pitts. 2008. "A New Mechanism for Ozonolysis of Unsaturated Organics on Solids: Phosphocholines on NaCl as A Model for Sea Salt particles." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. PCCP 10, no. 4:528-541. PNNL-SA-56918. doi:10.1039/b712715d
  • Yada T., C. Floss, F.J. Stadermann, E. Zinner, T. Nakamura, T. Noguchi, and A.S. Lea. 2008. "Stardust in Antarctic Micrometeorites." Meteoritics and Planetary Science 43, no. 8:1287-1298. PNNL-SA-56094.

2007

  • Devineni D.P., S. Stormo, W. Kempf, J. Schenkel, R. Behanan, A.S. Lea, and D.W. Galipeau. 2007. "Metal-oxide Nanowires for Toxic Gas Detection." In Nanotech 2005, edited by M Laudon and BF Romanowicz, 2, 519-522. Danville, California:Nano Science and Technology Institute (NSTI). PNNL-SA-52754.
  • Saraf L.V., M.H. Engelhard, and A.S. Lea. 2007. "Fabrication of SiO2 Microdisk Arrays for Optics and Light Trapping Experiments." Microelectronic Engineering 84, no. 12:2799-2803. PNNL-SA-51921. doi:10.1016/j.mee.2007.02.001
  • Saraf L.V., M.H. Engelhard, C.M. Wang, A.S. Lea, D.E. McCready, V. Shutthanandan, and D.R. Baer, et al. 2007. "Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of carbon-free ZnO using the bis(2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)zinc precursor." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 5:1230-1234. PNNL-SA-51436. doi:10.1557/JMR.2007.0146
  • Saraf L.V., M.H. Engelhard, C.M. Wang, A.S. Lea, D.E. McCready, V. Shutthanandan, and D.R. Baer, et al. 2007. "Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of carbon-free ZnO using the bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)zinc precursor." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 5:1230-1234. PNNL-SA-52809. doi:10.1557/JMR.2007.0146
  • Saraf L.V., M.H. Engelhard, P. Nachimuthu, V. Shutthanandan, C.M. Wang, S.M. Heald, and D.E. McCready, et al. 2007. "Nucleation and Growth of MOCVD Grown (Cr, Zn)O Films - Uniform Doping vs. Secondary Phase Formation." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 154, no. 3:D134-D138. PNNL-SA-51245. doi:10.1149/1.2424422

2006

  • Baer D.R., M.H. Engelhard, C.M. Wang, A.S. Lea, and K.H. Pecher. 2006. "The Challenges and Opportunities of Measuring Properties of Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Materials: Importance of a Multi-Technique Approach." In 2006 TAPPI International Conference on Nanotechnology : April 26-28, 2006, Atlanta, Georgia. Norcross, Georgia:TAPPI, Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. PNNL-SA-48437.
  • Floss C., F.J. Stadermann, J.P. Bradley, Z. Dai, S. Bajt, G. Giles, and A.S. Lea. 2006. "Identification of Isotopically Primitive Interplanetary Dust Particles: A NanoSIMS Isotopic Imaging Study." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, no. 9:2371-2399. PNNL-SA-46541. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.01.023
  • Kaspar T.C., T.C. Droubay, D.E. McCready, P. Nachimuthu, S.M. Heald, C.M. Wang, and A.S. Lea, et al. 2006. "Magnetic properties of epitaxial Co-doped anatase TiO2 thin films with excellent structural quality." Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B--Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 24, no. 4:2012-2017. PNNL-SA-48059. doi:10.1116/1.2216723
  • Liu G., J. Wang, A.S. Lea, and Y. Lin. 2006. "Bioassay Labels Based on Apoferritin Nanovehicles." Chembiochem 7, no. 9:1315-1319. PNNL-SA-47959. doi:10.1002/cbic.200600225
  • Mcintire T.M., R. Smalley, J.T. Newberg, A.S. Lea, J.C. Hemminger, and B.J. Finlayson-Pitts. 2006. "Substrate Changes Associated with the Chemistry of Self-Assembled Monolayers on Silicon." Langmuir 22, no. 13:5617-5624. PNNL-SA-47974. doi:10.1021/la060153l

2005

  • Arjunan V., J. Lamb, D. Chandra, J. Daemen, D.A. Jones, M.H. Engelhard, and A.S. Lea. 2005. "Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Low Carbon I-Beam Steels In Simulated Yucca Mountain Repository Environment." Corrosion 61, no. 4:381-391. PNNL-SA-39122.
  • Baer D.R., M.H. Engelhard, A.S. Lea, and L.V. Saraf. 2005. "Simple Method for Estimating and Comparing of X-Ray Damage Rates." Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A--Vacuum, Surfaces and Films 23, no. 6:1740-1744. PNNL-SA-43208. doi:10.1116/1.2073387
  • Kaspar T.C., T.C. Droubay, C.M. Wang, S.M. Heald, A.S. Lea, and S.A. Chambers. 2005. "Co-doped Anatase TiO2 Heteroepitaxy on Si(001)." Journal of Applied Physics 97, no. 7:073511-073511-10. PNNL-SA-42653. doi:10.1063/1.1868854
  • Lyubinetsky I., A.S. Lea, S. Thevuthasan, and D.R. Baer. 2005. "Formation of Epitaxial Oxide Nanodots on Oxide Substrate: Cu2O on SrTiO3(100)." Surface Science 589, no. 1-3:120-128. PNNL-SA-43524.
  • Mcintire T.M., A.S. Lea, D.J. Gaspar, N. Jaitly, Y. Dubowski, Q. Li, and B.J. Finlayson-Pitts. 2005. "Unusual aggregates from the oxidation of alkene self-assembled monolayers: a previously unrecognized mechanism for SAM ozonolysis?." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. PCCP 7. PNNL-SA-44568. doi:10.1039/b508147e

2004

  • Deodeshmukh V., A. Venugopal, D. Chandra, A. Yilmaz, J. Daemen, D.A. Jones, and A.S. Lea, et al. 2004. "X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Analyses of Corrosion Products Formed on Rock Bolt Carbon Steel in Chloride Media with Bicarbonate and Silicate Ions." Corrosion Science 46, no. 11:2629-2649. PNNL-SA-42673.
  • Kim Y.J., S. Thevuthasan, T.C. Droubay, A.S. Lea, C.M. Wang, V. Shutthanandan, and S.A. Chambers, et al. 2004. "Growth and Properties of molecular beam epitaxially grown ferromagnetic Fe-doped TiO2 rutile films on TiO2." Applied Physics Letters 84, no. 18:3531-3533. PNNL-SA-40048.
  • Lyubinetsky I., A. El-Azab, A.S. Lea, S. Thevuthasan, and D.R. Baer. 2004. "Initial Stages of Oxide Nanodot Heteroepitaxial Growth: Cu2O on SrTiO3(100)." Applied Physics Letters 85, no. 19:4481-4483. PNNL-SA-42675.
  • Saraf L.V., J.S. Young, A.S. Lea, S. Thevuthasan, G.C. Dunham, J.W. Grate, and D.R. Baer. 2004. "Lateral Ordering of Microfabricated SiO2 Nanotips." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 7, no. 1:C7-C9. PNNL-SA-38264.
  • Williford R.E., D.R. Baer, J.E. Amonette, and A.S. Lea. 2004. "Dissolution and Growth of (10(1) over-bar4) Calcite in Flowing Water: Estimation of Back Reaction Rates via Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations." Journal of Crystal Growth 262, no. 1-4:503-518. PNNL-SA-39589.

2003

  • Baer D.R., D.J. Gaspar, M.H. Engelhard, and A.S. Lea. 2003. "Beam Effects During AES and XPS Analysis." In Surface Analysis by Auger and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Chichester:IM Publications. PNNL-SA-38633.
  • Baer D.R., M.H. Engelhard, A.S. Lea, and D.J. Gaspar. 2003. "Appendix F: Comparing Beam Damage Rates Using Susceptibility Tables." In Surface Analysis by Auger and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, edited by D. Briggs and J.T. Grant. 845-856. Manchester:SurfaceSpectra Ltd. & IM Publications. PNNL-SA-38715.
  • Baer D.R., M.H. Engelhard, and A.S. Lea. 2003. "Introduction to Surface Science Spectra Data on Electron and X-ray Damage: Sample Degradation during XPS and AES Measurements." Surface Science Spectra 10, no. 1-4:47-56. PNNL-SA-41724.
  • Chambers S.A., T.C. Droubay, C.M. Wang, A.S. Lea, R. Farrow, L. Folks, and V. Deline, et al. 2003. "Clusters and Magnetism in Epitaxial Co-doped TiO2 Anatase." Applied Physics Letters 82, no. 8:1257-1259. PNNL-SA-37993.
  • Engelhard M.H., D.R. Baer, and A.S. Lea. 2003. "Beam damage of poly(2-chloroethyl methylacrylate) [PCEMA] films as observed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at 143 K, 303 K, and 373 K." Surface Science Spectra 10. PNNL-SA-39571.
  • Engelhard M.H., D.R. Baer, and A.S. Lea. 2003. "Beam damage of poly(vinyl chloride) [PVC] as observed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at 143 K, 303 K and 373 K." Surface Science Spectra 10. PNNL-SA-39575.
  • Lea A.S., M.H. Engelhard, and D.R. Baer. 2003. "Electron Beam Damage in Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Poly(Acrylonitrile) as Observed by Auger Electron Spectroscopy." Surface Science Spectra 10. PNNL-SA-39573.
  • Lea A.S., T.T. Hurt, A. El-Azab, J.E. Amonette, and D.R. Baer. 2003. "Heteroepitaxial Growth of a Manganese Carbonate secondary Nano-Phase on the (101_4) Surface of Calcite in Solution." Surface Science 524, no. 1-3:63-77. PNNL-SA-36252.
  • Nachimuthu P., S. Thevuthasan, Y.J. Kim, A.S. Lea, V. Shutthanandan, M.H. Engelhard, and D.R. Baer, et al. 2003. "Investigation of Copper(I) Oxide Quantum Dots by Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy." Chemistry of Materials 20, no. 15:3939-3946. PNNL-SA-37777.

2002

  • Baer D.R., M.H. Engelhard, D.J. Gaspar, A.S. Lea, and C.F. Windisch. 2002. "Use and Limitations of Electron Flood Gun Control of Surface Potential During XPS: Two Non-homogeneous Sample Types." Surface and Interface Analysis 33. PNNL-SA-36726.
  • Baer D.R., Y. Liang, A.S. Lea, J.E. Amonette, and N.G. Colton. 2002. "Scanning Force Microscopy Measurements of Dissolution and Growth Processes: CaCO3 Examples." In State-of-the-Art Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis Methods to Environmental Material Interactions: In Honor of James E. Castle's 65th Year, edited by D.R. Baer, C.R. Clayton, G.D. Davis, et. al., 2001-5, 139-148. Pennington, New Jersey:The Electrochemical Society, Inc. PNNL-SA-33715(a).
  • Chambers S.A., C.M. Wang, S. Thevuthasan, T.C. Droubay, D.E. McCready, A.S. Lea, and V. Shutthanandan, et al. 2002. "Epitaxial Growth and Properties of MBE Grown Ferromagnetic Co-doped TiO2 Anatase Films on SrTiO3(001) and LaAlO3(001)." Thin Solid Films 418, no. 2:197-210. PNNL-SA-35981.
  • Gaspar D.J., A.S. Lea, M.H. Engelhard, D.R. Baer, R. Miehr, and P.G. Tratnyek. 2002. "Evidence for Localization of Reaction Upon Reduction of Carbon Tetrachloride by Granular Iron." Langmuir 18, no. 20:7688-7693. PNNL-SA-36208.
  • Lea A.S., J.E. Amonette, A. El-Azab, D.R. Baer, S.M. Heald, and N.G. Colton. 2002. "Manganese at Calcite Surfaces: Molecular-Scale Studies of Dissolution and Heteroepitaxy." In Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, April 7-11, 2002, Orlando, FL, 223, U605. Washington Dc:American Chemical Society. PNNL-SA-35650.
  • Rouse A.A., C. Szeles, J. Ndap, S. Soldner, K.B. Parnham, D.J. Gaspar, and M.H. Engelhard, et al. 2002. "Interfacial Chemistry and the Performance of Bromine-etched CdZnTe Radiation Detector Devices." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 49, no. 4:2005-2009. PNNL-SA-35472.

2001

  • Lea A.S., J.E. Amonette, D.R. Baer, Y. Liang, and N.G. Colton. 2001. "Microscopic Effects of Carbonate, Manganese, and Strontium ions on Calcite Dissolution." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65, no. 3:369-379. PNNL-SA-32129.
  • Liang Y., A.S. Lea, D.E. McCready, and P. Meethunkij. 2001. "Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled Cu2O Nano-Dots." In State-of-the-art application of surface and interface analysis methods to environmental material interactions: in honor of James E. Castle's 65th year, proceedings of the international symposium held from March 26-27, 2001, in Washington. Proceedings -- Electrochemical Society, edited by D.R. Baer, C.R. Clayton, G.P. Halada, G.D. David, 2001, 125-133. Pennington, New Jersey:The Electrochemical Society. PNNL-SA-34538.
  • Paparazzo E., A.S. Lea, D.R. Baer, and J.P. Northover. 2001. "Scanning Auger Microscopy Studies of an Ancient Bronze." Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A--Vacuum, Surfaces and Films 19, no. 4 PT 1:1126-1133. PNNL-SA-33122.

2000

  • Gao Y., S. He, P.V. Alluri, A.S. Lea, J. Finder, B. Melnick, and R.L. Hance. 2000. "Effects of Precursors and Substrate Materials on Microstructure, Dielectric Properties and Step Coverage of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Films Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition." Journal of Applied Physics 87, no. 1:124-132. PNNL-SA-31431.
  • Gao Y., S. He, P.V. Alluri, M.H. Engelhard, A.S. Lea, J.M. Finder, and B. Melnick, et al. 2000. "Effects of precursors and substrate materials on microstructure dielectric properties, and step coverage of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition." Journal of Applied Physics 87, no. 1:124-132. PNWD-SA-5299.
  • Petrik N.G., K. Knutsen, E. Paparazzo, A.S. Lea, D.M. Camaioni, and T.M. Orlando. 2000. "Electron Beam Induced Damage of NaNO3 Single Crystals: An Energy, Temperature, and Quantum State Resolved Study." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 104, no. 7:1563-1571. PNNL-SA-32130.

1999

  • Gao Y., P.V. Alluri, S. He, M.H. Engelhard, A.S. Lea, B. Melnick, and R.L. Hance. 1999. "Surface Roughness and Growth Texture of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Thin Films Formed by MOCVD." In Ferroelectric Thin Films VII, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, edited by R.E. Jones, 541, 29-34. Warrendale, Pennsylvania:Materials Research Society. PNNL-SA-30152.

1995

  • Liang Y., D.R. Baer, and A.S. Lea. 1995. "Dissolution of CaCO3(1014) Surface." In Evolution of Thin Film and Surface Structure and Morphology: Symposium held November 28-December 2, 1994, Boston, MA. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, edited by B.M. Clemens, et al, 355, 409-414. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:Materials Research Society. PNNL-SA-25611. doi:10.1557/PROC-355-409