PNNL

Dr. Samrat (Sam) Chatterjee is a Senior Data/Operations Research Scientist and Team Leader with the Data Sciences and Machine Intelligence Group at the US Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, WA. He serves as principal investigator, project manager, and key technical staff on national security and computational science research efforts in support of multiple sponsors (DHS, DOE, and DoD), and has over 12 years of experience in cyber and physical infrastructure network resilience modeling and simulation, risk and decision optimization under uncertainty, and graph and data analytics. He also serves as Chief Scientist for the Lab’s Mathematics for Artificial Reasoning in Science (MARS) Initiative, and holds an Affiliate Faculty appointment with Northeastern University in Boston, MA.

Prior to PNNL, Sam conducted postdoctoral research on infrastructure risk and decision analysis, and operations research at the DHS-CREATE Homeland Security Center of Excellence at University of Southern California. He has authored 2 books, 4 book chapters, and over 75 peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and technical reports, and received multiple best paper and poster awards. He also serves as Associate Editor for the Water and Built Environment specialty section of Frontiers in Water Journal. He is a past chair of the Security and Defense and the Engineering and Infrastructure specialty groups within Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) and is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He holds a doctorate in Civil Systems Engineering from Vanderbilt University.

• Infrastructure system security and resilience
• Risk and decision analytics under uncertainty
• Probabilistic modeling, simulation, and optimization
• Statistical and reinforcement learning
• Network science

• Postdoctoral Training, Operations Research (Infrastructure Risk and Decision Analysis), DHS-CREATE Homeland Security Center of Excellence, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA
• PhD in Civil Engineering (Transportation Systems Risk Analysis), Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN
• MS in Civil Engineering (Transportation Systems), University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX
• BE (Honors) in Civil Engineering, Punjab Engineering College, India

• Affiliate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston MA
• Associate Editor, Frontiers in Water Journal–Water and Built Environment specialty section
• Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
• Member, Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) (past chair of Security and Defense and Engineering and Infrastructure specialty groups)
• Member, Military Operations Research Society (MORS)

• Finalist, David Rist Prize, Military Operations Research Society, 2021
• Resilience Analysis Specialty Group Student Merit Award (Mentee: Jack Watson), Society for Risk Analysis, 2021
• Laboratory Director's Pathway to Excellence Honoree, PNNL, 2021
• Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2020
• Best Poster Award (Interdependent Infrastructure Network Resilience Analysis), Society for Risk Analysis, 2019
• Finalist, Author of the Year Award, National Security Directorate, PNNL, 2019
• Finalist, Wayne P. Hughes Junior Analyst Award, Military Operations Research Society, 2019
• Certificate of Outstanding Contribution in Reviewing, Reliability Engineering and System Safety Journal, 2018
• Invited Workshop Participant as Future Strong Leader in Risk Analysis, Society for Risk Analysis, 2018
• Best Paper Award (Attack and Disaster Track), IEEE Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security, 2017
• Laboratory Director's Pathway to Excellence Award, PNNL, 2016
• Gulf Research Program Exploratory Grant Award, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, 2016
• CREATE Fellow, University of Southern California, 2016
• Best Paper Award (Cyber Security Track), IEEE Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security, 2015
• Outstanding Performance Award, National Security Directorate, PNNL, 2015
• Research Transition Project of the Year Award, CREATE, University of Southern California, 2015
• IBM Graduate Fellow; Research/Teaching Assistant; Graduate School Travel Grant, Vanderbilt University, 2006-2010
• YSSP Fellow, National Science Foundation Grant, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, 2009

Books

2021

• Chatterjee, S., R.T. Brigantic, and A.M. Waterworth (editors). (2021) Applied risk analysis for guiding homeland security policy and decisions, Wiley Series in Operations Research and Management Science, 528 pp.

2017

• Rose, A., F. Prager, Z. Chen, S. Chatterjee, D. Wei, N. Heatwole, and E. Warren. (2017) Economic consequence analysis of disasters: the E-CAT software tool, Springer: Singapore, 137 pp.

Journal Articles

2024

• Oster M.R., I.D. Amburg, S. Chatterjee, D.A. Eisenberg, D.G. Thomas, F. Pan, and A.R. Ganguly. 2024. "A Tri-Level Optimization Model for Interdependent Infrastructure Network Resilience Against Compound Hazard Events." International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection 47, no. _:Art. No. 100723. PNNL-SA-191126. doi:10.1016/j.ijcip.2024.100723
• Shuvo S.S., S. Mukherjee, S. Chatterjee, S. Glavaski-Radovanovic, D.L. Vrabie, G. Canayon, and M. Juckes, et al. 2024. "Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Real-World Signalized Traffic Corridor Control." In IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA 2024), December 18-20, 2024, Miami, FL, 644-651. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-202823. doi:10.1109/ICMLA61862.2024.00093

2023

• Chatterjee S., A. Bhattacharya, A. Dutta, A. Rahman, T. Ramachandran, S. Chikkagoudar, and R. Bharadwaj. 2023. "Collaboration and Negotiation." In Autonomous Intelligent Cyber Defense Agent (AICA). Advances in Information Security, edited by A. Kott. 229-251. Cham:Springer. PNNL-SA-171718. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29269-9_11
• Chatterjee S., D.G. Thomas, D.C. Fortin, K. Pazdernik, B.A. Wilson, and L. Newburn. 2023. "Dynamic Network Analysis of Nuclear Science Literature for Research Influence Assessment." ESARDA Bulletin 65. PNNL-SA-166748. doi:10.3011/ESARDA.IJNSNP.2023.3
• Du Y., S. Chatterjee, A. Bhattacharya, A. Dutta, and M. Halappanavar. 2023. "Role of Reinforcement Learning for Risk-Based Robust Control of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems." Risk Analysis 43, no. 11:2280-2297. PNNL-SA-163685. doi:10.1111/risa.14104
• Dutta A., E. Al-Shaer, S. Chatterjee, and Q. Duan. 2023. "Autonomous Cyber Defense Against Dynamic Multi-strategy Infrastructural DDoS Attacks." In IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS 2023), October 2-5, 2023, Orlando, FL, 1-9. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-189781. doi:10.1109/CNS59707.2023.10288937
• Nettasinghe D., S. Chatterjee, R. Tipireddy, and M. Halappanavar. 2023. "Extending Conformal Prediction to Hidden Markov Models with Exact Validity via de Finetti’s Theorem for Markov Chains." In Proceedings of Machine Learning Research: 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2023), July 23-29, 2023, Honolulu, HI, edited by A. Krause, et al, 25890--25903. Maastricht:ML Research Press. PNNL-SA-178224.
• Oster M.R., E. King, C. Bakker, A. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, and F. Pan. 2023. "Multi-Level Optimization with the Koopman Operator for Data-Driven, Domain-Aware, and Dynamic System Security." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 237. PNNL-SA-169379. doi:10.1016/j.ress.2023.109323
• Subasi O., S. Purohit, A. Bhattacharya, and S. Chatterjee. 2023. "Impact-Driven Sampling Strategies for Hybrid Attack Graphs." In IEEE International Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST 2022) November 14-15, 2022, Virtual, Online, 1-7. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-178629. doi:10.1109/HST56032.2022.10025439
• Thekdi S.A., U. Tatar, J. Santos, and S. Chatterjee. 2023. "Disaster Risk and Artificial Intelligence: A Framework to Characterize Conceptual Synergies and Future Opportunities." Risk Analysis 43, no. 8:1641-1656. PNNL-SA-167006. doi:10.1111/risa.14038

2022

• Chikkagoudar S., S. Chatterjee, R. Bharadwaj, A. Ganguly, S. Kompella, and D.E. Thorsen. 2022. "Assurance by Design for Cyber Physical Data-Driven Systems." In IoT for Defense and National Security, edited by R. Douglass, et al. 191 - 212. Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons, Inc. PNNL-SA-171061. doi:10.1002/9781119892199.ch11
• Hussain M., M.H. Khan, A. Azad, S. Chatterjee, R.T. Brigantic, and M. Halappanavar. 2022. "Disruption-Robust Community Detection Using Consensus Clustering in Complex Networks." In IEEE International Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST 2022), November 14-15, 2022, Virtual, Online, 1-6. Piscataway, New Jersey:IEEE. PNNL-SA-174273. doi:10.1109/HST56032.2022.10024983

2021

• Gangwal, U., M. Singh, P.K. Pandey, D. Kamboj, S. Chatterjee, and U. Bhatia. (2021) Identifying early-warning indicators of onset of sudden collapse in networked infrastructure systems against sequential disruptions. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 591:126796, 1-14.
• Subasi, O., and S. Chatterjee. (2021) Efficient sampling of complex interdependent and multiplex networks. Journal of Complex Networks, 9(5), 1-21.
• Bakker, C., A. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, and D. Vrabie. (2021) Metagames and hypergames for deception-robust control. ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems, 5(3), 1-25.
• Bakker, C., A. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, M.R. Oster, C.J. Perkins, and F. Pan. (2021) Solvability, operability, and security for cyber-physical systems: new computational methods with revised assumptions. Journal of Information Warfare, 20(2), 1-26.

2020

• Yadav, N., S. Chatterjee, and A.R. Ganguly. (2020) Resilience of urban transport network-of-networks under intense flood hazards exacerbated by targeted attacks. Scientific Reports, 10, 10350.
• Bakker, C., J. Webster, K. Nowak, S. Chatterjee, C. Perkins, and R. Brigantic. (2020) Multi-game modeling for counter-smuggling. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 200, 1-30.
• Chatterjee, S., and S. Thekdi. (2020) An iterative learning and inference approach to managing dynamic cyber vulnerabilities of complex systems. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 193, 1-36.
• Bhattacharya, A., S.D. Bopardikar, S. Chatterjee, and D. Vrabie. (2020) Cyber threat screening using a queuing-based game-theoretic approach. Journal of Information Warfare, 18(4), 37-52.
• Bakker, C., A. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, and D. Vrabie. (2020) Hypergames and cyber-physical security for control systems. ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems, 4(4), 1-41.

2019

• Bakker, C., A. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, and D. Vrabie. (2019) Learning and information manipulation: repeated hypergames for cyber-physical security. IEEE Control Systems Letters, 4(2), 295-300.

2018

• Thekdi, S., and S. Chatterjee. (2018) Toward adaptive decision support for assessing infrastructure system resilience using hidden performance measures. Journal of Risk Research, 22(8), 1020-1043.

2017

• Duan, Q., E. Al-Shaer, S. Chatterjee, M. Halappanavar, and C. Oehmen. (2017) Proactive routing mutation against stealthy distributed denial of service attacks - metrics, modeling, and analysis. Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation, 15(2), 219-230.
• Chen, Z., A. Rose, F. Prager, and S. Chatterjee. (2017) Economic consequences of aviation system disruptions: a reduced-form computable general equilibrium analysis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 95, 207-226.

2016

• Chatterjee, S., M. Halappanavar, R. Tipireddy, and M. Oster. (2016) Game theory and uncertainty quantification for cyber defense applications. SIAM News, 49(6). Invited Contribution.

2015

• Chatterjee, S., R. Tipireddy, M.R. Oster, and M. Halappanavar. (2015) A probabilistic framework for quantifying mixed uncertainties in cyber attacker payoffs. National Cybersecurity Institute Journal, 2(3), 13-24.
• Chatterjee, S., S.C. Hora, and H. Rosoff. (2015) Portfolio analysis of layered security measures. Risk Analysis, 35(3), 1554-1579.

2014

• Rose, A., M. Avetisyan, and S. Chatterjee. (2014) A framework for analyzing the economic tradeoffs between urban commerce and security against terrorism. Risk Analysis, 34(8), 1554-1579.
• Chatterjee, S., D.E. Salazar, and I. Maya. (2014) A systems approach for evaluating the effectiveness of radiological and nuclear detection architectures in urban areas. Systems Engineering, 17(2), 157-165.

2012

• Abkowitz, M.D. and S. Chatterjee. (2012) Regional disaster risk: assessment and mitigation concepts in an all-hazards context. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 9(1):15.

2011

• Chatterjee, S. and M.D. Abkowitz. (2011) A methodology for modeling regional terrorism risk. Risk Analysis, 31(7), 1133-1140.
• Rose, A. and S. Chatterjee. (2011) Benefits and costs of counter-terrorism security measures in urban areas. Journal of Homeland Security, Special Issue on Catastrophes and Complex Systems:28.

2009

• Chatterjee, S. and M.D. Abkowitz. (2009) A proof of concept study for analyzing hazmat transportation risks in an all-hazards environment. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, 1(2), 135-151.

Book Chapters

2021

• Chatterjee, S., R.T. Brigantic, and A.M. Waterworth. (2021) An overview of risk modeling methods and approaches for national security. In Applied risk analysis for guiding homeland security policy and decisions, Wiley, 69-100.
• Fortin, D., T. Johansen, S. Chatterjee, G. Muller, and C. Noonan. (2021) A data science workflow for discovering spatial patterns among terrorist attacks and infrastructure. In Applied risk analysis for guiding homeland security policy and decisions, Wiley, 125-149.
• Tipireddy, R., J. Rubio-Herrero, S. Chatterjee, and S. Chikkagoudar. (2021) Exploring metaheuristic approaches for solving the traveling salesman problem applied to emergency planning and response. In Applied risk analysis for guiding homeland security policy and decisions, Wiley, 467-485.

2017

• Chikkagoudar, S., S. Chatterjee, D.G. Thomas, T.E. Carroll, and G. Muller. (2017) Machine learning for cybersecurity. In Manz and Edgar (Eds.), Research methods for cybersecurity, Elsevier, 153-173.

Peer-Reviewed Conference Papers

2021

• Oster, M., S. Chatterjee, A. Ganguly, D. Thomas, J. Watson, D. Corbiani, J. Webster, F. Pan, B. Gattis, and K. Haynie. A tri-level optimization model for interdependent infrastructure network resilience against compound hazard events. In Proceedings of IEEE Homeland Security Technologies (HST) International Symposium, November 2021, Virtual Symposium.
• Jones, R., D. Fortin, S. Chatterjee, D. Thomas, and L. Newburn. User role identification in software vulnerability discussions over social networks. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI), November 2021, Virtual Conference.
• King, E., C. Bakker, A. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, F. Pan, M. Oster, and C. Perkins. Solving the dynamics-aware economic dispatch problem with the Koopman operator. In Proceedings of 12th ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems (ACM e-Energy), June-July 2021, Virtual Conference.
• Dutta, A., E. Al-Shaer, and S. Chatterjee. Constraints satisfiability driven reinforcement learning for autonomous cyber defense. In Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Autonomous Intelligent Cyber-Defence Agents, March 2021, Virtual Conference.

2020

• Oster, M., S. Chatterjee, F. Pan, C. Bakker, A. Bhattacharya, and C. Perkins. Power system resilience through defender-attacker-defender models with uncertainty: an overview. In Proceedings of Resilience Week, October 2020, Virtual Symposium.
• Bakker, C., A. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, C. Perkins, and M. Oster. The Koopman operator: capabilities and recent advances. In Proceedings of Resilience Week, October 2020, Virtual Symposium.

2019

• Sathanur, A.V., B. Sripimonwan, M. Halappanavar, S. Chatterjee, A. Ganguly, and K. Clark. Identification of critical airports from the perspective of delay and disruption propagation in air travel networks. In Proceedings of IEEE HST International Symposium, November 2019, Woburn, MA.
• Warner, M., S. Chatterjee, N. Yadav, A. Ganguly, and R. Brigantic. Multi-stakeholder resilient infrastructure decision support under dynamic environmental and adaptive adversarial settings. In Proceedings of IEEE HST International Symposium, November 2019, Woburn, MA.

2018

• Mutlu, B., G. Kestor, J. Manzano, O. Unsal, S. Chatterjee, and S. Krishnamoorthy. Characterization of the impact of soft errors on iterative methods. In Proceedings of 25th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing, Data, and Analytics, December 2018, Bengaluru, India. 22% accept.
• Bhatia, U., S. Chatterjee, A. Ganguly, M. Halappanavar, J. Gao, K. Clark, M. Oster, R. Tipireddy, and R. Brigantic. Aviation transportation, cyber threats, and network-of-networks: modeling perspectives for translating theory to practice. In Proceedings of IEEE HST International Symposium, October 2018, Woburn, MA.
• Shekar V., L. Fiondella, S. Chatterjee, and M. Halappanavar. A game-theoretic method to efficiently assess the vulnerability of a dynamic transportation network. In Proceedings of Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management Conference (PSAM 14), September 2018, Los Angeles, CA.
• Mutlu, B., G. Kestor, J. Manzano, O. Unsal, S. Chatterjee, and S. Krishnamoorthy. Characterization of the impact of soft errors on iterative methods. In Proceedings of 14th Workshop on Silicon Errors in Logic - System Effects, April 2018, Boston, MA.

2017

• Tipireddy, R., S. Chatterjee, P. Paulson, M. Oster, and M. Halappanavar. Agent-centric approach for cybersecurity decision-support with partial observability. In Proceedings of IEEE HST International Symposium, April 2017, Waltham, MA.
• Shekar, V., L. Fiondella, S. Chatterjee, and M. Halappanavar. Quantitative assessment of transportation network vulnerability with dynamic traffic simulation methods. In Proceedings of IEEE HST International Symposium, April 2017, Waltham, MA. Best Paper Award (Attack and Disaster).
• Shekar, V., L. Fiondella, S. Chatterjee, and M. Halappanavar. Quantifying economic and environmental impacts of transportation network disruptions with dynamic traffic simulation. In Proceedings of IEEE HST International Symposium, April 2017, Waltham, MA.

2016

• Rauf, U., F. Gillani, E. Al-Shaer, M. Halappanavar, S. Chatterjee, and C. Oehmen. Formal approach for resilient reachability based on end system route agility. In Proceedings of ACM Workshop on Moving Target Defense (MTD-2016), October 2016, Vienna, Austria.
• Chatterjee, S., R. Tipireddy, M.R. Oster, and M. Halappanavar. Propagating mixed uncertainties in cyber attacker payoffs: exploration of two-phase monte carlo sampling and probability bounds analysis. In Proceedings of IEEE HST International Symposium, May 2016, Waltham, MA.
• Saha, S., A.K.S. Vullikanti, M. Halappanavar, and S. Chatterjee. Identifying vulnerabilities and hardening attack graphs for networked systems. In Proceedings of IEEE HST International Symposium, May 2016, Waltham, MA.
• Brigantic, R.T., S. Chatterjee, C.J. Perkins, and D.G. MacDonald. A mathematical framework for representing cyber-physical system interdependencies and resilience. In Proceedings of IIE Annual Conference and Expo, May 2016, Anaheim, CA.

2015

• Bramer, L.M., S. Chatterjee, A.E. Holmes, S.F. Bradley, S.M. Robinson, and BJ.M. Webb-Robertson. A machine learning approach for business intelligence analysis using commercial shipping transaction data. In Proceedings of WORLDCOMP Data Mining Conference, July 2015, Las Vegas, NV.
• Chatterjee, S., M. Halappanavar, R. Tipireddy, M.R. Oster, and S. Saha. Quantifying mixed uncertainties in cyber attacker payoffs. In Proceedings of IEEE HST International Symposium, April 2015, Waltham, MA. Best Paper Award (Cyber Security Track).

2014

• Chatterjee, S., S.C. Hora, and H. Rosoff. Portfolio analysis of layered security measures. In Proceedings of PSAM 12, June 2014, Honolulu, HI.

2013

• Orosz, M., I. Maya, D.E. Salazar, S. Chatterjee, D. Wei, and J. Chen. Protecting our nation's seaports with PortSec 3.0. In Proceedings of IEEE HST International Symposium, November 2013, Waltham, MA.

2012

• Salazar, D.E. and S. Chatterjee. Modeling temporal, geographic, and structural dependencies in networks: preliminary results and applications in Homeland Security. In Proceedings of HLSMS 2012 Conference, October 2012, San Diego, CA.

2011

• Chatterjee, S., C. Southwell, I. Maya, and D.E. Salazar. Development of risk-based radiological detection resource allocation decisions. In Proceedings of DHS Science Conference, April 2011, Washington, D.C.
• Hora, S.C. and S. Chatterjee. Portfolios of counterterrorism security measures. In Proceedings of DHS Science Conference, March 2011, Washington, D.C.
• Rose, A. and S. Chatterjee. Benefits and costs of counterterrorism security measures in urban areas. In Proceedings of DHS Science Conference, March 2011, Washington, D.C.

2009

• Chatterjee, S. and M.D. Abkowitz. A proof-of-concept study for analyzing hazmat transportation risks in an all-hazards environment. In Proceedings of TRB Annual Meeting, January 2009, Washington, D.C.