Exascale computing enables processing at unprecedented speed and scale, advancing scientific research, AI, and complex problem-solving abilities.

Fish passage refers to the ability to effectively and efficiently allow fish to move through a water system, including successfully navigating human-made structures like dams and culverts, which can impede their journey.

Biogeochemical transformations explore the chemical and biological processes shaping Earth's ecosystems, impacting water quality, soil health, and sustainability.

Quantum information science studies quantum mechanics to advance computing, secure communication, and solve challenges beyond classical systems.

Climate science studies Earth's climate systems to understand and address challenges like global warming and extreme weather for a sustainable future.