Nanoparticles (NPs) and sub-nanometer clusters containing controlled amounts of different atoms are of interest for a variety of potential applications including catalysis,1, 2 optics,3, 4 magnetics,5-7 sensors,8, 9 and biotheraputics.10, 11 Alloy NPs may possess enhanced physical and chemical properties compared to single metal species due to the additional interplay between their different elemental components. By reducing the quantity of expensive precious metals in alloy NPs by substituting cheaper base metals, it may also be possible to achieve equivalent or even superior performance to pure noble metal NPs for applications such as heterogeneous catalysis at substantially reduced material costs.12 In addition, alloying of elements that are immiscible in bulk form is possible in NPs because the enthalpy of mixing decreases and becomes negative at small particle sizes.13, 14 As a result, a substantially broader array of alloy species may be generated in the form of NPs and sub-nanometer clusters.
Revised: March 28, 2017 |
Published: April 1, 2017
Citation
Johnson G.E., and J. Laskin. 2017.In-Plane Multimagnetron Approach. In Gas-Phase Synthesis of Nanoparticles, edited by Y Huttel. 79-100. Weinheim:Wiley-VCH.PNNL-SA-115832.doi:10.1002/9783527698417.ch5