PNNL

Abstract

Peatlands encode information about past vegetation dynamics, climate, and microbial processes. Here, we used 15N and 13C patterns from 16 peat profiles to deduce how the biogeochemistry of the Marcell S1 forested bog in northern Minnesota responded to environmental and vegetation change over the past 10 000 years. In multiple regression analyses, 15N and 13C correlated strongly with depth, plot location, C = N, %N, and each other. Correlations with %N, %C, C = N, and the other isotope accounted for 80% of variance for 15N and 38% of variance for 13C, reflecting N and C losses. In contrast, correlations with depth and topography (hummock or hollow) reflected peatland successional history and climate. Higher 15N in plots closer to uplands may reflect upland-derived DON inputs and accompanying shifts in N dynamics in the lagg drainage area surrounding the bog. The Suess effect (declining 13CO2 since the Industrial Revolution) lowered 13C in recent surficial samples. High 15N from -35 to -55 cm probably indicated the depth of ectomycorrhizal activity after tree colonization of the peatland over the last 400 years, as confirmed by the occasional presence of wood down to -35 cm depth. High 13C at 4000 years BP (-65 to -105 cm) could reflect a transition at that time to slower rates of peat accumulation, when 13C discrimination during peat decomposition may increase in importance. Low 13C and high 15N at -213 and -225 cm (8500 years BP) corresponded to a warm period during a sedge-dominated rich fen stage. The above processes appear to be the primary drivers of the observed isotopic patterns, whereas there was no clear evidence for methane dynamics influencing 13C patterns.