Historically, high-level waste (HLW) glasses have been formulated with a low liquidus temperature (TL), or temperature at which the equilibrium fraction of spinel crystals in the melt is below 1 vol % (T0.01), nominally below 1050°C. These constraints cannot prevent the accumulation of large spinel crystals in considerably cooler regions (~ 850°C) of the glass discharge riser during melter idling and significantly limit the waste loading, which is reflected in a high volume of waste glass, and would result in high capital, production, and disposal costs. A developed empirical model predicts crystal accumulation in the riser of the melter as a function of concentration of spinel-forming components in glass, and thereby provides guidance in formulating crystal-tolerant glasses that would allow high waste loadings by keeping the spinel crystals small and therefore suspended in the glass.
Revised: November 16, 2012 |
Published: November 7, 2012
Citation
Matyas J., A.R. Huckleberry, C.P. Rodriguez, J.D. Vienna, and A.A. Kruger. 2012.EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR FORMULATION OF CRYSTAL-TOLERANT HLW GLASSES. In Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Energy Technologies: Ceramic Transactions, edited by T Ohji, et al. Hoboken, New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.PNNL-SA-83235.