PNNL

Abstract

The deployment of transformational non-aqueous CO2-capture solvent systems is encumbered by high viscosity even at intermediate uptakes. Using single-molecule CO2 binding organic liquids as a prototypical example, we identify the key molecular features controlling bulk liquid viscosity and CO2 uptake kinetics. Fast uptake kinetics arise from close proximity of the alcohol and amine sites that are involved in CO2 binding. This process results in the concerted formation of a Zwitterion containing both an alkylcarbonate and a protonated amine. The hydrogen bonding between the two functional groups ultimately determines the solution viscosity. Based on molecular simulation, this work reveals options to significantly reduce viscosity with molecular modifications that shift the proton transfer equilibrium towards a neutral acid/amine species as opposed to the ubiquitously accepted Zwitterionic state. The molecular design concepts proposed here, for the alkyl-carbonate systems, are readily extensible to other CO2 capture technologies, such as the carbamate- or imidazole-based solvent chemistries.