PNNL

Abstract

Shredded post-consumer non-ferrous scrap stream, also known as Zorba, contains a mixture of cast and wrought aluminum pieces with very different compositions. Cast Al pieces, with their high Si, Cu and Fe content, are a major contaminant in wrought scrap fraction, which results in downcycling of the mixed cast + wrought scrap into non-structural cast Al alloys and parts. In this paper, we introduce a chemical treatment method to color-code scrap aluminum pieces by alloy family and demonstrate low-cost optical sorting of cast from wrought pieces to upgrade the scrap stream. We utilized non-acidic chemical solutions that react with (i.e., etch) the scrap pieces to produce colors based on the Al alloy chemistry of a given piece. Cast pieces with high Si and Cu fractions turned black, whereas the much leaner wrought pieces remained unreacted. We showed > 95% sorting efficiency of mixed cast and wrought pieces using a repurposed low-cost optical sorter originally designed for food sorting. We also colored wrought Al pieces by alloy families, such as 5xxx and 6xxx, using a two-step chemical etching technique, which has the potential to create a circular supply chain in which wrought aluminum alloys are sorted from the mixed scrap stream and recycled back to high-value wrought products such as sheets, extrusions, and forgings with minimal contamination from cast scrap.